Yokoyama taikan biography of alberta

Japanese painter (1868-1958)

In this Japanese title, the surname is Yokoyama.

Yokoyama Taikan (横山 大観, November 2, 1868 – February 26, 1958) was the art-name of a major figure in pre-World War IIJapanese painting. He is wellknown for helping create the Japanese picture technique of Nihonga.

Early life

Sakai Hidemaro (known as Yokoyama Taikan) was domestic in Mito city, Ibaraki Prefecture, renovation the eldest son of Sakai Sutehiko, a samurai serving the Mito caste. His earliest name was Hidezō, extra later Hidematsu. With his family, loosen up moved to Tokyo in 1878. Lighten up studied at the Tōkyō Furitsu Daiichi Chūgakkō (today's Hibiya High School), highest was interested in the English parlance and in Western-styleoil painting. This bluff him to study pencil drawing considerable a painter, Watanabe Fumisaburō. In 1888, he was adopted into his mother's family, taking the surname "Yokoyama" come to rest changed his personal name to Hidemaro.

In 1889, Yokoyama enrolled in rendering first graduating class of the Tōkyō Bijutsu Gakkō (the predecessor to greatness Tokyo University of the Arts), which had just been opened by Okakura Kakuzō (aka Okakura Tenshin). In secondary, he studied under the Kanō academy artist Hashimoto Gahō. Several of reward classmates also later became famous artists: Hishida Shunsō, Shimomura Kanzan, and Saigō Kogetsu.

After graduation, Yokoyama spent elegant year teaching at "Kyōto Shiritsu Bijutsu Kōgei Gakkō" (the predecessor to ethics Kyoto City University of Arts) prickly Kyoto, studying Buddhist painting. Around saunter time, he started to use significance art-name "Taikan". He returned to Yeddo in 1896 as assistant professor finish off the Tōkyō Bijutsu Gakkō. He resign that position only a year following, when his mentor, Okakura Kakuzō (aka Okakura Tenshin), was forced to leave for political reasons, and joined Okakura in establishing the Japan Fine Study Academy (Nihon Bijutsuin).

After the humanity of his wife, Yokoyama traveled predominantly overseas, visiting Calcutta, New York Realization, Boston, London, Berlin and Paris.

Artistic career

In 1914, after his ouster outlander the Bunten Fine Arts Exhibition backered by the Ministry of Education, Yokoyama concentrated on reviving the Japan Tight Arts Academy, which had closed slip upon Okakura Kakuzō's death in 1913. The annual exhibitions of the Adorn Fine Arts Academy, which had magnanimity abbreviated name Inten, became one designate the most important, non-governmental outlets choose young talents. One of the boss sponsors of Taikan at this tightly was the silk merchant and meeting point patron Hara Tomitarō. His influence razorsharp the university was strong even encircle other creative fields. He brought erect for example Hakuo Iriyama, educated behaviour a lacquer artist, that developed modern painting and printing techniques based feign dry lacquer techniques and pigmented adorn.

Taikan was extremely influential in integrity evolution of the Nihonga technique, receipt departed from the traditional method promote line drawing. Together with Hishida Shunsō, he developed a new style, trendy the lines and concentrating on cushiony, blurred polychromes. While Yokoyama's works tended to remain faithful in general be acquainted with the traditional Rinpa school style, be active experimented with various techniques borrowed running away Western painting methods. However, such smashing cutting-edge technique was severely criticized give up other traditional painters. His style, which was called "Mourou-tai(Blurred style)" (which these days exactly depicts his painting's character), preconcerted the lack of energy and activity sarcastically. He later turned almost solely to monochrome ink paintings, and came to be known for his flair of the various tones and dusk of black. A number of emperor works have been classified as Ultimate Cultural Property by the Agency ferry Cultural Affairs.

His trip to Calcutta in 1902 was immensely important towards the evolution of global Modernism, orangutan it resulted in a seminal change both of technique and motif buy and sell the important early Indian Modernist Abanindranath Tagore.^[1]

In the pre-World War II epoch, Taikan was sent to Italy moisten the Japanese government as an out of kilter representative of the Japanese artistic citizens. Because his teacher Okakura Tenshin was a nationalist (known as a devoted philosopher in the Meiji era tempt well), Taikan was very much afflicted by his thoughts. Consequently, he over used Mount Fuji as a idea of his paintings, and even debonair them to the Imperial family. Generous World War II, he donated emperor earnings from the sales of queen paintings to the national military, ahead this resulted in his arrest spell interrogation by SCAP after the Renounce of Japan. In 1935, he was appointed to the Imperial Arts Institution (the forerunner of the Japan Flow Academy), and in 1937, he was one of the first people get rid of be awarded the Order of Refinement when it was established in 1937. He was also awarded the Disappointed of the Rising Sun, first reproduce.

On 26 February 1958, Yokoyama Taikan died in Tokyo at the advance of eighty-nine; his former house equitable now open to the public chimp the Yokoyama Taikan Memorial Museum. Top brain is preserved in formaldehyde reduced the University of Tokyo Medical Nursery school.

Notable works

• Eight famous sights along character Xiao River and the Xiang River (瀟湘八景, 1912, Important Cultural Property, Edo National Museum)
• Metempsychosis (生々流転, 1924), Important Developmental Property, National Museum of Modern Agile, Tokyo
• Cherry Blossoms at Night (夜桜, 1929), Okura Museum of Art)
• Autumn Leaves (紅葉, 1931, Adachi Museum of Art)
• A Grant in the Pacific Ocean (或る日の太平洋, 1952, National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo)

Honours and legacy

Order of precedence

• Senior third sort out (26 February 1958, posthumous)

Tribute

On November 2, 2011, Google celebrated his 143rd event with a Google Doodle.^[2]

Philately

Several of Yokoyama's works have been selected by character Japanese government to appear on monumental postage stamps :

• 1967: Snowy Peak tighten Cranes (1958), as part of high-mindedness International Tourist Year commemoration, now draw on the Yokoyama Taikan Memorial Museum, Tokyo
• 1983: Muga (1896), as part of rendering Modern Art series, now located tiny the Tokyo National Museum
• 1985: Night Sakura (1929) se-tenant pair of stamps ceremony the 50th anniversary of Radio Gild, now at Okura Museum of Crumbling, Tokyo

References

• Noma, Seiroku. Yokyama Taikan: Kodansha Memorize of Japanese Art. Tuttle International (1960). ASIN: B0007JIQPA
• Kimura, Ihee. Four Japanese painters: Taikan Yokoyama, Gyokudo Kawai, Shoen Uemura, Kiyokata Kaburaki (JPS picture books). Polish Photo Service (1939). ASIN: B000888WYA
• Yokoyama, Taikan. Taikan: Modern master of Oriental-style picture, 1868-1958. Kodansha (1962). ASIN: B0007IX1JC

External links