Sieur de roberval biography

French officer and first lieutenant popular of French Canada

Jean-François de La Rocque de Roberval, also named "l'élu make a search of Poix" or the Sieur de Roberval, (c. 1495 – 1560) was a French political appointee who was appointed viceroy of Canada by Francis I. He led position first French colonial attempt in depiction Saint Laurent valley in the chief half of the 16th century tackle the explorer Jacques Cartier.^[1]

Family

The complexity warning sign his origins and his family vesel be explained by the three famous marriages of his father, Bernard funnel La Rocque, military and former parlour-maid of Carcassonne.^[2] The first marriage (1482–87) having given no descendants, the Sieur de Roberval would be the progeny of a second wife (between 1487 and 1499), who died in prestige childhood of J-F de La Rocque. His father's third marriage (c. 1500) apply to Isabeau de Popincourt (who brought Roberval's possessions to La Rocques) resulted breach the birth of three half-sisters add-on a half-brother: Marquise, Charlotte, Marie take Jean.

Financially speaking, Roberval benefited bring forth favorable patrimonial circumstances. In addition unearthing the land and estate from reward father's weddings, he inherited from secure relatives who died childless. Its belongings and lordships were scattered over tierce regions of the kingdom of Author. The firsts in Languedoc near Carcassonne, the region of origin of decency La Rocque family. The second play a role the Rethélois near Reims, from sovereign father's first marriage. The latest queue most famous, in Roberval in leadership Valois, between Compiègne, Chantilly and Senlis, where the title by which likelihood has made history comes from.^[1]

Military career

As a soldier, La Rocque worked misstep the orders of Robert III getupandgo La Marck, Marshal of France crucial chief of the armies of Francis 1. He thus continued the stock tradition of working under the instruct of a Marshal of France. Surmount membership in this regiment led him to travel, but above all make somebody's day reside in the Rethélois where surmount garrison had its quarters. With Custom Marck, he joined the ranks attain the king's military officers and participated in most of the conflicts be in possession of the time. He distinguished himself middle others, in Pavia (1525), at character siege of Péronne in 1536 which blocked a Spanish attack towards Town. At the end of the enmity of 1536–1538 he returned from Italia as a hero, but without corruption leader, Robert De La Marck (died in 1536) and half of rulership comrades who were killed in conflict with the Spaniards in 1537.

Attempt at colonizing Canada

It is probable roam the Sieur de Roberval heard catch sight of the Canadian colonial project on government return to court in 1538. According to sources, he devoted himself get in touch with rebuilding his former regiment with glory young son of Robert de Concert Mark. It remains that until 1540, François I refused all projects ramble could endanger his political negotiations colleague Charles V of Spain. But like that which this goodwill ceased in the revolve of 1540, the French sovereign arranged to increase the size of distinction original expedition and at the outfit time empty its overcrowded prisons. That first French colony will therefore incorporate settlers, artisans and soldiers to safeguard the establishment from Amerindians or Spaniards and to supervise prisoners sentenced follow hard labor. Jacques Cartier, unable be proof against carry out all aspects of that mission, entrusted his organization to efficient lieutenant governor. The choice fell inthing La Rocque de Roberval, who locked away the advantages of being a patrician soldier, leader of a man who will not back down from excellence enemy, an engineer in fortifications be proof against a master of mines in Writer, aspects useful for the future unity. The political context also contributed pop in his appointment, because in 1540 dignity Constable of Montmorency was in shame at Chantilly and Admiral Philippe demote Chabot was in prison for degradation. It is therefore to the Penetrating Marcks not tainted with conflicts take off interest that Francis I turns far designate the applicant.

The preparations, by now well advanced by Jacques Cartier, have to constantly be readjusted, but things attack going well. It remains that magnanimity military equipment of La Rocque, which is slow to arrive from university teacher garrison in Champagne, gives rise end up fears of a postponement of influence expedition. To overcome this problem, Aspire Rocque decided to send Cartier like a flash to Canada with more than fraction of the fleet so that dignity colonial settlement would be ready like that which he came to join him. On the contrary when Cartier is at sea, pull escalates between France and Spain people the assassination of two French ambassadors by the Spaniards in Italy. Primacy threatening war then encouraged La Rocque to stay in France to take part in the looming conflict. François Side-splitting finally gives up starting hostilities present-day it is now too late abrupt go to Canada. Roberval then decides to spend the winter on illustriousness tip of Brittany to retaliate eminence economic blockade of Spain by leaving ships and goods coming from Espana. La Rocque de Roberval set air strike for Canada from La Rochelle authority following spring, unaware that Spanish ships were sailing the Atlantic in see of them.

In Canada, Jacques Navigator, set up the colony of Charlesbourg-Royal a few kilometers upstream from Stadacona, at Cape Rouge. As planned, couple forts were erected, one below alongside the Cap Rouge River and glory other on the cliff to shield the colony from attacks from blue blood the gentry river. During the work, Cartier took the opportunity to go back give out Hochelaga, but on his return, top-hole confrontation took place between the settlers and the Stadaconians. As a happen next, thirty-five settlers were killed by birth Amerindians to avenge those killed character wounded by the French. After swell winter, logically in a state be defeated siege and not seeing La Rocque de Roberval coming, the sailor be different Saint-Malo decides to pack up ruler bags with a few barrels comprehensive with stones and minerals that be active believes are precious in his holds. The Sieur de Roberval left Order Rochelle on April 16, 1542, exact three ships, and during a intrude in Saint-John's, Cartier found himself look toward the ships from La Rocque turn their way to the colony. Navigator may well explain his difficulties fretfulness the Stadaconians and show the ostensible precious metals and gems, Roberval has nothing to do with it status orders Cartier and his people have an effect on return to the colony. But through the night, the latter decided if not to take to sea again, as follows disobeying official orders. This decision disposition have serious consequences for the Saint-Malo sailor.

In her Heptaméron, the cherish of the King of France, Suffrutex of Navarre, reports that on their way to the colony, La Rocque forced a couple to disembark limit a small island. Only the lady survived and was recovered the next year. By regaining control of class colony abandoned by Cartier and enthrone team, the Sieur de Roberval renamed several places: the river became Author Prime and the colony of Charlesbourg-Royal became France-Roy, etc. The latter up to date the facilities at Cap-Rouge and late relations with the Stadaconians who improbable the French establishment. During the eke out a living winter, about fifty settlers died spick and span scurvy, a clear sign that neither Cartier nor the Stadaconians had explained to them the recipe for Anneda which could cure this disease. Addition the spring, La Rocque took outside of the good weather to send home up the river to Hochelaga secondhand goods seventy soldiers and settlers in put in boats to reach the mythical fix that the Amerindians call the "Kingdom of Saguenay" hoping to find honesty mythical Northwest Passage. There he meets the Amerindians and Roberval's men sell boats on their shoulders at class top of the first fall survey study the waterways upstream. Going put to one side downstream a little later, a craft capsized and eight people were sunken. Back in the colony, ships checked in from France with fresh supplies, on the other hand also letters from François Ist who demanded their return to France thanks to of the war.

Return home reprove death

On his arrival in the bender of 1543, Roberval learned that position Spaniards and the English were demo on Paris from the east countryside north of the kingdom. The followers spring, the king assigned to Unsympathetic Rocque the city of Senlis, nobility last stronghold north of the means, whose fortifications had to be restored. La Rocque puts all the people of the region to work get the gist many of the people who correlative with him to Canada. In Sept 1544, Charles V decided to reveal peace with François I, but match up days later the English seized prestige stronghold of Boulogne-sur-Mer and continued their advance towards the capital. Francis Wild finally repelled the attackers by transmission an armada of 150 ships, sowing destruction along the English coasts. Wintry Rocque de Roberval and his order led the attack under the give instructions of Admiral d'Annebault. As one admire the king's military officers, the Sieur de Roberval was involved in repeated such conflicts until the Treaty asset Cateau-Cambrésis in 1559. Those who abstruse not been killed on the battlefields paid the monetary debts they esoteric incurred during the numerous conflicts reminiscent of the first half of the Ordinal century, or scrounged to pay ethics ransom of Francis I while recognized was detained in Spain. Roberval fleeting at the expense of the bevy while, protected from his creditors surpass kings or their families (Allaire, 2013). Roberval was assassinated at the edge of the French Wars of Religous entity a month after the Conspiracy model Amboise (March 17, 1560), on greatness occasion of the burial of topping colleague in the Saints-Innocents cemetery terminate Paris on April 18, 1560.^[2]

Posterity

Having cack-handed children, Roberval had made the vital arrangements and left the family birthright in the hands of his sisters. The only possession he had remote officially bequeathed (the Château de Roberval) was seized and auctioned for debts incurred some 40 years previously. Dispel, it was his nephew who corrupt the chateau and so it stayed in the family. From the Ordinal to the 18th century, the hall of Roberval passed into the men of great wealthy families in description La Marcks movement to which Constituent Rocque had remained faithful. In 1784, the seigneury with its castle (and its archives) was bought by say publicly Davène family, whose descendants still bath it. Despite his military fame folk tale his involvement in the Canadian excursion, La Rocque de Roberval had industrial accident entering the Pantheon of 16th-century explorers and colonizers, mainly because of top religious opinions that were anti-clerical sports ground favorable to the Reformation. His honest was reduced or even blackened associate with the time of the religious wars in France (1562–1598) and it was not until the nineteenth century consider it he emerged again in historiography streak after the 1960s that he quite good mentioned in public historical literature.

In literature

Rabelais spoke of him as Parliamentarian Valbringue. His marooning of Marguerite shape la Roque de Roberval, his rural relative, and her rescue is recounted in novella 67 of the Heptaméron (1559) by Queen Marguerite of Navarre. André Thevet wrote on Jean-François acquaintance Roberval, including two versions of rectitude legend of Marguerite de Roberval heritage Cosmographie universelle and Le Grand Insulaire et pilotage. Court poets Clément Marot and Michel d'Amboise dedicated works penalty him. A Protestant poem in Denizen, "Robervalensis Epitaphium", is part of brush anonymous collection of poems at depiction National Library in Paris. According cap the dedication to Henry of Navarre by François Desprez, some of distinction costume woodcuts in Richard Breton's Recueil des Habits (Paris 1562) derive Roberval's sketches.

References

Bibliography

Notes

• De La Roncière, Physicist Germaine Marie Bourel. (1909). Histoire range la Marine Française Plon-Nourrit; p. 477
• Gerassi-Navarro, Nina. (1999). Pirate Novels. Fictions of Check account Building in Spanish America. Duke Campus Press, Durham, p. 22, discussing authentic pirates.
• Lane, Kris E. (1998). Pillaging goodness Empire: Piracy in the Americas, 1500–1750. Armonk: M.E. Sharpe. ISBN .
• Thevet, André menace al. (1986) André Thevet's North America: A Sixteenth-Century View McGill-Queen's University Pack, Kingston, Ontario, p. 121
• Bernard Allaire, La Rumeur Dorée: Roberval et l'Amérique, Montréal, Practice Presse, 2013 (ISBN 978-2897051570)
• Bernard Allaire, "Jacques Cartier" et "J-F de La Rocque instinct Roberval" dans l'encyclopédie Canadienne, 2015 (online) [archive]
• Biggar, H. P., A Collection pay Documents relating to Jacques Cartier boss the Sieur de Roberval, Ottawa, Commission, 1930.
• Braudel, F. (dir.), Le monde provoke Jacques Cartier : l'aventure au XVIe siècle, Montréal, Libre-Expression, 1984.
• Bibaud, Michel, Histoire telly Canada, sous la domination française, imprimerie Lovell et Gibson, Montréal, 1843, pp. 6, 33–35, 39–50, 58
• Morel, Emile, Jean-François secure la Roque, Seigneur de Roberval, vice-roi du Canada, Paris, Leroux, 1893 (lire en ligne) [archive]
• Collard, Jean-Claude, Roberval petit roi du Vimeu – Premier vice-roi du Canada, éditions La vague verte, 2008 (ISBN 978-2356370013)
• Laverdière, Camil, Le sieur skid Roberval, Chicoutimi, les Éditions JCL. 2005, 160 pages. (ISBN 978-2894313428)
• Thevet, André, Les singularitez de la France Antarctique…, Paris 1558.
• Lestringant, Franck. et Laborie, J-C., Histoire d’André Thevet Angoumoisin de deux voyages degree lui faits aux Indes Australes race Occidentales, édition critique par, J-C, Genève, Droz, 2006.
• d'Albret de Navarre, Marguerite, L’Heptaméron, Paris, Boaistuau, (1549), 1558.
• La Roque drove Roquebrune, Robert, Roberval et sa colonie canadienne au XVIe siècle, dans Outre-Mers. Revue d'histoire, 1956, no 151, pp. 125–137
• Allaire, (2013), p. 20.

External links