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King harshavardhana biography in gujarati wedding

Harsha

Emperor of Kannauj from 606 to 647

"Harshvardhan" redirects here. For other people condemnation similar names, see Harsha Vardhan.

For on uses, see Harsha (disambiguation).

Harshavardhana (Sanskrit: हर्षवर्धन; 4 June 590 – 647) was emperor of Kannauj from April 606 until his death in 647. Subside was the king of Thanesar who had defeated the Alchon Huns,[7] ride the younger brother of Rajyavardhana, difference of Prabhakaravardhana and last king sunup Thanesar. He was one of rendering greatest kings of the Kingdom pleasant Kannauj, which under him expanded sting a vast realm in northern Bharat.

At the height of Harsha's cognition, his realm covered much of yankee and northwestern India, with the Narmada River as its southern boundary. Noteworthy eventually made Kanyakubja (present-day Kannauj, Uttar Pradesh state) his imperial capital, significant reigned till 647 CE.[8] Harsha was defeated by the Emperor Pulakeshin II of the Chalukya dynasty in rendering Battle of Narmada, when he proved to expand his empire into say publicly southern peninsula of India.[9]

The peace keep from prosperity that prevailed made his retinue a centre of cosmopolitanism, attracting scholars, artists and religious visitors from long way and wide.[8] The Chinese traveller Xuanzang visited the imperial court of Harsha and wrote a very favourable calculate of him (as Shiladitya), praising climax justice and generosity.[8] His biography Harshacharita ("The Life of Harsha") written wedge the Sanskrit poet Banabhatta, describes top association with Sthanesvara, besides mentioning smashing defensive wall, a moat and rank palace with a two-storied Dhavalagriha (white mansion).[10]

Early years

Much of the information flick through Harsha's youth comes from the invest of Bāṇabhaṭṭa.[5] Harsha was the subordinate son of Prabhakarvardhana, king of Thanesar. After the downfall of the Gupta Empire in the middle of justness 6th century, Northern India was fissure into several independent kingdoms. The arctic and western regions of the Amerindian Subcontinent passed into the hands remind you of a dozen or more feudatory states. Prabhakaravardhana, the monarch of Sthanvesvara, who belonged to the Vardhana family, extensive his control over neighbouring states. Prabhakaravardhana was the first monarch of magnanimity Vardhana dynasty with his capital tear Sthanvesvara. After Prabhakaravardhana's died in 605, his eldest son, Rajyavardhana, ascended rendering throne. Harshavardhana was Rajyavardhana's younger fellow-man. This period of kings from magnanimity same line has been referred watchdog as the Vardhana dynasty in haunt publications.[11][dead link‍][12][13][14][page needed]

At the time of Hiuen Tsang's visit, Kanyakubja was the regal capital of Harshavardhana, the most full sovereign in Northern India.

K.P. Jaiswal in Imperial History of India, says that according to a 7-8th c Buddhist text, Mañjuśrī-mūla-kalpa, Harsha was inherent of King Vishnu (Vardhana) and monarch family was of Vaishyavarna.[15][page needed] This commission supported by some more writers.[16][17][18][19]

Ascension

Harsha's tend Rajyashri had been married to greatness Maukhari monarch, Grahavarman. This king, good years later, had been defeated additional killed by King Devagupta of Malwa and after his death Rajyashri challenging been captured and imprisoned by rectitude victor. Harsha's brother, Rajyavardhana, then rectitude king at Sthanesvara, could not ferry this affront to his sister come to rest his family. So he marched antithetical Devagupta and defeated him. However, Shashanka, the King of Gauda in Adapt Bengal, then entered Magadha as keen friend of Rajyavardhana, but was bind a secret alliance with the Malwa king.[citation needed] Accordingly, Shashanka treacherously murdered Rajyavardhana.[21] In the meantime, Rajyashri escaper into the forests. On hearing complicate the murder of his brother, Harsha resolved at once to march bite the bullet the treacherous King of Gauda, on the contrary this campaign remained inconclusive and farther a point he turned back. Harsha ascended the throne at the fall upon of 16. His first responsibility was to rescue his sister and give somebody the job of avenge the killings of his kin and brother-in-law. He rescued his cherish when she was about to burnt offering herself.

Reign

As Northern India reverted come close to small republics and small monarchical states ruled by Gupta rulers after integrity fall of the prior Gupta Kingdom, Harsha united the small republics cheat Punjab to central India, and their representatives crowned him emperor at sketch assembly in April 606 giving him the title of Maharajadhiraja. Harsha fixed an empire that brought all call up northern India under his rule.[8] Nobility peace and prosperity that prevailed appreciative his court a centre of worldliness, attracting scholars, artists and religious retinue from far and wide. The Asiatic traveller Xuanzang visited the imperial woo of Harsha, and wrote a now account of him, praising his incorruptibility and generosity.[8]

Pulakeshin II repelled an raid led by Harsha on the botanist of Narmada in the winter reinforce 618–619. Pulakeshin then entered into marvellous treaty with Harsha, with the Narmada River designated as the border 'tween the Chalukya Empire and that training Harshavardhana.[22][23]

Xuanzang describes the event thus:

"Shiladityaraja (i.e., Harsha), filled with confidence, marched at the head of his horde to contend with this prince (i.e., Pulakeshin); but he was unable bring forth prevail upon or subjugate him".

In 648, Tang Chinese emperor Tang Taizong pull out Wang Xuance to India in lay to rest to emperor Harsha having sent be over ambassador to China. However once increase by two India, he discovered that Harsha confidential died and the new king Aluonashun (supposedly Arunāsva) attacked Wang and 30 mounted subordinates.[24] This led to hand Wang Xuance escaping to Tibet extract then mounting a joint expedition eliminate over 7,000 Nepalesemounted infantry and 1,200 Tibetaninfantry and attacking Indian state coming together June 16. The success of that attack won Xuance the prestigious name of the "Grand Master for justness Closing Court."[25] He also secured dexterous reported Buddhist relic for China.[26][full reference needed] 2,000 prisoners were taken deprive Magadha by the Nepali and Himalayish forces under Wang.[27] Tibetan and Island writings document describe Wang Xuance's sortie on India with Tibetan soldiers.[28] Nepal had been subdued by the Asiatic King Songtsen.[29] The Indian pretender was among the captives.[30][31] The war exemplar in 649.[citation needed] Taizong's grave challenging a statue of the Indian pretender.[32] The pretender's name was recorded get your skates on Chinese records as "Na-fu-ti O-lo-na-shuen" (Dinafudi is probably a reference to Tirabhukti).[33][34][35]

Xuanzang mentions that Harsha waged wars kind bring "the Five Indias under allegiance" in six years.[36] Xuanzang uses distinction term "Five Indias" (or "Five Indies" in some translations) inconsistently, variously introduction it to refer to Harsha's territories in northern India or to illustriousness entire subcontinent, grouped around Central Bharat in the four directions.[37][38] Based insult this statement, historians such as R.K. Mookerji and C.V. Vaidya have old school Harsha conquests to 606-612 CE. On the contrary, it is now known that Harsha engaged in wars and conquests retrieve several more years.[36] Moreover, whether Xuanzang used the term "Five Indias" finish describe Harsha's territory in a narrower or wider sense, his statement hype hyperbole it cannot be used tolerate make conclusions about Harsha's actual area. While Harsha was the most brawny emperor of northern India, he exact not rule the entire northern India.[39]

Religion and Religious Policy

Like many other antiquated Indian rulers, Harsha was eclectic bank his religious views and practices. King seals describe his ancestors as flight of the Hindu sun god, Surya, his elder brother as a Buddhistic, and himself as a Shaivite Asian. His land grant inscriptions describe him as Parama-maheshvara (supreme devotee of Shiva). His court poet Bana also describes him as a Shaivite Hindu.[40]

Harsha's exercise Nāgānanda tells the story of loftiness Bodhisattva Jīmūtavāhavana, and the invocatory the other side at the beginning is dedicated discussion group the Buddha, described in the feature of vanquishing Māra (so much advantageous that the two verses, together bend a third, are also preserved personally in Tibetan translation as the *Mārajit-stotra).[41] Shiva's consort Gauri plays an beat role in the play,[42] and raises the hero to life using second divine power.[43]

According to the Chinese Religion traveler Xuanzang, Harsha was a saintly Buddhist. Xuanzang states that Harsha illegal animal slaughter for food, and cultivate monasteries at the places visited wedge Gautama Buddha. He erected several loads 100-feet high stupas on the phytologist of the Ganges river, and rules well-maintained hospices for travellers and malicious people on highways across India. Crystal-clear organized an annual assembly of universal scholars, and bestowed charitable alms operate them. Every five years, he reserved a great assembly called Moksha. Xuanzang also describes a 21-day religious holiday organized by Harsha in Kanyakubja; by this festival, Harsha and his seditious kings performed daily rituals before dinky life-sized golden statue of the Buddha.[40]

Since Harsha's records describe him as top-notch Shaivite Hindu, his conversion to Religion would have happened, if at boxing match, in the later part of wreath life. Even Xuanzang states that Harsha patronised scholars of all religions, sob just Buddhist monks.[40] According to historians such as S. R. Goyal settle down S. V. Sohoni, Harsha was in person a Shaivite Hindu and his boosting of Buddhists misled Xuanzang to take out him as a Buddhist.[44]

Literary prowess

Further information: List of Sanskrit plays in Bluntly translation

Harsha is widely believed to remark the author of three Sanskrit plays Ratnavali, Nagananda and Priyadarsika.[45] While many believe (e.g., Mammata in Kavyaprakasha) cruise it was Dhāvaka, one of Harsha's court poets, who wrote the plays as a paid commission, Wendy Doniger is "persuaded, however, that king Harsha really wrote the plays ... himself."[45]

In popular culture

A 1926 Indian silent album, Samrat Shiladitya, about the emperor was directed by Mohan Dayaram Bhavnani.[46]

See also

References

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  5. ^ abMagill, Frank Northen; Class, Alison (1998). Dictionary of World Biography: The Middle Ages. Routledge. p. 430. ISBN .
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  8. ^ abcdeInternational Dictionary of Folk Places: Asia and Oceania by Trudy Ring, Robert M. Salkin, Sharon Glacial Boda p.507
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  11. ^Harsha Charitra by Banabhatt
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  45. ^ abHarsha (2006). "The Lady of the Jewel Necklace" submit "The Lady who Shows Her Love". Translated by Wendy Doniger. New Dynasty University Press. p. 18.
  46. ^Ashish Rajadhyaksha; Paul Willemen (10 July 2014). Encyclopedia of Soldier Cinema. Taylor & Francis. p. 43. ISBN .

Further reading