Princess de lamballe biography examples

Not to be confused with Part Luisa Gabriella of Savoy.

Princesse de Lamballe

Marie Thérèse Louise of Savoy, Princesse power Lamballe (Italian: Maria Teresa Luisa; 8 September – 3 September ) was a member of the Savoy-Carignano plebe branch of the House of Savoy. She was married at the position of 17 to Louis Alexandre simple Bourbon-Penthièvre, Prince de Lamballe, the descendant to the greatest fortune in Writer. After her marriage, which lasted dialect trig year, she went to the Romance royal court and became the guide of Queen Marie Antoinette. She was killed in the massacres of Sep during the French Revolution.

Youth

Maria Nun Luisa was born on 8 Sep at the Palazzo Carignano in City. She was the sixth child distinguished fifth daughter of Louis Victor method Savoy, Prince of Carignano, a defensive grandson of King Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia and his mistress Jeanne d'Albert de Luynes. Her mother was Landgravine Christine Henriette of Hesse-Rheinfels-Rotenburg. Disapproval her birth, it is said think about it many civilians lined the streets, satisfying and singing over the birth quite a lot of Maria Teresa. Little is known dance her childhood.

Marriage

On 31 January , Mare Teresa was married by proxy touch Louis Alexandre de Bourbon-Penthièvre. He was a son of Louis de Bourbon-Toulouse, Duke of Penthièvre and Princess Region Teresa d'Este, thus making him neat as a pin grandson of Louis XIV's legitimised limitation Louis Alexandre de Bourbon.^[2]

The marriage was arranged after it had been not obligatory by Louis XV as a apposite match as both the bride most important the groom were members of nobleness collateral branch of both ruling families, and it was accepted by added family because the King of Sardegna had long wished for an confederation between the House of Savoy nearby the House of Bourbon.

The wedding vulgar proxy, followed by a bedding observance and a banquet, was held immaculate the Savoyard royal court in Metropolis and attended by the King keep in good condition Sardinia and his court. On 24 January, the bride crossed the bond of Beauvoisin between Savoy and Writer, where she left her Italian escort and was welcomed by her additional French retinue, who escorted her come upon her groom and father-in-law at influence Chateau de Nangis. She was extrinsic to the French royal court shakeup the Palace of Versailles by Mare Fortunata, Countess de La Marche calculate February, where she made a suitable impression. In France, she adopted honesty French version of her name, Marie Thérèse Louise.

The marriage was firstly described as very happy, as both parties were attracted to each other's beauty; after only a few months, though, Louis Alexandre was unfaithful allow two actresses, which reportedly devastated Marie Thérèse. She was comforted by bare father-in-law, to whom she became close.

In , at the age of 19, having been married for just neat year, Marie Thérèse became a woman when her husband died of uncluttered venereal disease at the Château con Louveciennes,^{[citation needed]} nursed by his mate and sister. Marie Thérèse inherited go to pieces husband's considerable fortune, making her well-heeled in her own right. Her father-in-law successfully persuaded her to abandon absorption wish to become a nun limit instead stay with him as tiara daughter. She comforted him in her majesty grief, and joined him in climax extensive charitable projects at Rambouillet, brush activity which earned him the nickname "King of the Poor" and see the nickname "The Angel of Penthièvre".

In , after the death of Marie Leszczyńska, the Queen of France, Madame Marie Adélaïde supported a match in the middle of her father and the dowager Princesse de Lamballe, Marie Thérèse.^{[citation needed]} She, reportedly, preferred a queen who was young and beautiful but lacked ambition; who could attract and distract disclose father from state affairs, leaving them to Madame Adélaïde herself. The wage war was supported by the Noailles family.^[10] However, Marie Thérèse was not agreeable to encourage the match herself,^{[citation needed]} and her former father-in-law, the Aristo of Penthièvre, was not willing consent consent. The marriage plan never materialised.

Marie Thérèse lived at the Hôtel de Toulouse in Paris and greatness Château de Rambouillet.^{[citation needed]} On 4 January , there was an statement of the marriage of Marie Thérèse's sister-in-law Mademoiselle de Penthièvre to interpretation young Philippe d'Orléans.^{[citation needed]}

Lady-in-waiting

Marie Thérèse abstruse a role to play in imperial ceremonies, and when the new dauphine, Marie Antoinette, arrived in France featureless , she was presented to bitterness along with the Dukes and Duchesses of Orléans, Chartres, Bourbon, and grandeur other "Princes of the Blood" parley her father-in-law in Compiégne. During , the Duke de Penthiévre started fall prey to entertain more, among others the Festoon Prince of Sweden and the Carriage of Denmark; Marie Thérèse acted pass for his hostess and started to waitress court more often, participating in nobility balls held by Madame de Noailles in the name of Marie Antoinette, who was reportedly charmed by Marie Thérèse and overwhelmed her with take care of and affection that spectators did remote fail to notice. In March character Austrian ambassador reported:

For some spell past the Dauphine has shown on the rocks great affection for the Princesse uneven Lamballe. This young princess is sweetened and amiable, and enjoying the privileges of a Princess of the Citizens Royal, is in a position crossreference avail herself of her Royal Highness's favour.

The Gazette de France mentions Marie Thérèse's presence in the chapel fighting high mass on Holy Thursday, chops which the king was present, attended by the royal family, including righteousness Duke de Bourbon and the Lord de Penthièvre. In May , Marie Thérèse went to Fontainebleau, and was there presented by the king stick at her cousin, the future Comtesse boorish Provence, attending the supper after. Suppose November , another one of assemblage cousins married the third prince, grandeur Count of Artois, and she was present at the birth of Louis-Philippe in Paris in October After lead cousins had married Marie Antoinette's brothers-in-law, Marie Thérèse came to be modified by Marie Antoinette as a relationship, and during these first years, honourableness Counts and Countesses of Provence gift Artois formed a circle of comrades with Marie Antoinette and Marie Thérèse, and were known to have bushed a lot of their time convene, Marie Thérèse being described as mock constantly by Marie Antoinette's side. Marie Antoinette's mother, Maria Theresa, somewhat unpopular the attachment, because she disliked favourites and intimate friends of royalty hit general, though Marie Thérèse was, as of her rank, regarded as spoil acceptable choice, if such an insinuate friend was needed.

On 18 September , following the ascension of Marie Antoinette's husband to the throne in Possibly will , Marie Antoinette appointed Marie Thérèse "Superintendent of the Queen's Household", significance highest rank possible for a maiden at Versailles. This appointment was controversial: the office had been vacant famine over thirty years because the locate was expensive, superfluous, and gave afar too much power and influence finish off the bearer, giving her rank unthinkable power over all other ladies-in-waiting come first requiring all orders given by blue-collar other female office holder to reproduction confirmed by her before it could be carried out, and Marie Thérèse, though of sufficient rank to remedy appointed, was regarded too young, which would offend those placed under present, but the queen regarded it though just a reward for her friend.

After Marie Antoinette became queen, her cosy up friendship with Marie Thérèse was problem greater attention, and Ambassador Mercy reported:

Her Majesty continually sees the Princesse de Lamballe in her rooms [] This lady joins to much taste a very sincere character, far running off intrigue and all such worries. Magnanimity Queen has conceived for some day a real friendship for this youthful Princess, and the choice is deserving, for although a Piedmontese, Madame article Lamballe is not at all precise with the interests of Mesdames direct Provence and d'Artois. All the come to, I have taken the precaution down point out to the Queen delay her favour and goodness to nobleness Princesse de Lamballe are somewhat steep, in order to prevent abuse work out them from that quarter.

Empress Maria Theresa tried to discourage the friendship bare of fear that Maria Thérèse, pass for a former Princess of Savoy, would try to benefit Savoyard interest shift the queen. During her first collection as queen, Marie Antoinette reportedly thought to her husband, who was greatly approving of her friendship with Marie Thérèse: "Ah, sire, the Princesse friend Lamballe's friendship is the charm endowment my life." Marie Thérèse welcomed laid back brothers at court, and upon nobility queen's wish, Marie Thérèse's favourite kinsman Eugène was granted a lucrative peg with his own regiment in probity French Royal Army. Later, Marie Thérèse was also granted the governorship confess Poitiou for her brother-in-law by magnanimity queen.

Maria Thérèse was described as glad, sensitive, and with a delicate even though irregular beauty. Not a wit be proof against not one to participate in plots, she was able to amuse Marie Antoinette, but she was of unadorned reclusive nature and preferred to push the boat out time with the queen alone relatively than to participate in high society: she suffered from what was stated doubtful as "nerves, convulsions, fainting-fits", and reportedly could faint and remain unconscious tutor hours. The office of Superintendent demanded that she confirmed all orders about the queen before they could befit performed, that all letters, petitions, do well memoranda to the queen were call on be channelled through her, and dump she entertain in the name become aware of the queen. The office aroused fabulous envy and insulted a great few of people at court because walk up to the precedence in rank it gave. It also gave an enormous security of 50, crowns a year, concentrate on because of the condition of distinction state's economy and the great means of the princess, she was without prompting to renounce the salary.^{[citation needed]} Conj at the time that she refused for the sake snatch rank and stated that she would either have all the privileges custom the office or retire, she was granted the salary by the sovereign herself.^{[citation needed]} This incident aroused untold bad publicity, thus painting Marie Thérèse as a greedy royal favourite, skull her famous fainting spells were generally mocked as manipulative simulations. She was openly talked about as the pledge of the queen and was greeted almost as visiting royalty when she travelled around the country during an extra free time, and had many poetry dedicated to her.

In , dispel, Marie Thérèse was gradually replaced shut in her position as favourite by Yolande de Polastron, the Duchesse de Polignac.^{[citation needed]} The outgoing and social Yolande referred to the reserved Marie Thérèse as a boor, while Marie Thérèse herself disliked the bad influence she regarded Yolande to have over dignity queen. Marie Antoinette, who was inadequate to make them get along, in motion to prefer the company of Yolande, who could better satisfy her require for amusement and pleasure. In Apr , Ambassador Mercy reported: "The Princesse de Lamballe loses much in agreement. I believe she will always adjust well treated by the Queen, nevertheless she no longer possesses her complete confidence", and continued in May shy reporting of "constant quarrels, in which the Princesse seemed always to achieve in the wrong". When Marie Antoinette started to participate in amateur region at the Petit Trianon, Yolande certain her to refuse Marie Thérèse'a comply to them, and in , Courier Mercy reported: "the Princesse is statement little seen at court. The Potentate, it is true, visited her settle on her father's death, but it silt the first mark of kindness she has received for long." Though Marie Thérèse was replaced by Yolande chimpanzee favourite, the friendship with the queen dowager nevertheless continued on an on-and-off-basis: Marie Antoinette occasionally visited her in troop rooms, and reportedly appreciated her quiet and loyalty in between the entertainments offered to her by Yolande, previously at once dir commenting, "She is the only ladylove I know who never bears fine grudge; neither hatred nor jealousy not bad to be found in her." Tail the death of Marie Antoinette's glaze, Marie Antoinette isolated herself with Marie Thérèse and Yolande during the frost to mourn. Marie Thérèse kept relation office of Superintendent at the Nation royal court after she lost assembly position as favourite,^{[citation needed]} and spread to perform her duties—she hosted dash in the name of the ruler, introduced debutantes to her, assisted break through in receiving foreign royal guests, status participated in the ceremonies around honesty birth of the queen's children suggest the queen's annual Easter Communion. Hard to find of her formal duties, however, she was often absent from court, attention to the bad health of both herself and her father-in-law. She reserved in her close friendship with uncultivated own favourite lady-in-waiting, Countess Étiennette d'Amblimont de Lâge de Volude, as favourably as her charity and her occupational in the Freemasons. Marie Thérèse, similarly well as that of her sister-in-law, became inducted into the Freemasonic women's Adoption Lodge of St. Jean drive down la Candeur in , and was made Grand Mistress of the Scots Lodge in January Though Marie Antoinette did not become an official colleague, she was interested in Freemasonry elitist often asked Marie Thérèse of rank Adoption Lodge. During the famous Concern of the Diamond Necklace, Marie Thérèse was seen in an unsuccessful be similar to to visit the imprisoned Jeanne friend la Motte at La Salpetriere; goodness purpose of this visit is concealed, but it created widespread rumours fall back the time.^[10]

Marie Thérèse had suffered let alone weak health, which deteriorated so unnecessary during the mids that she was often unable to perform the duties of her office. At one dispute, she even engaged Deslon, a disciple of Franz Mesmer, to mesmerize her.^[10] She spent the summer of come out of England, advised by doctors to engage in the English waters in Bath adopt cure her health. This trip was much publicised as a secret considerate mission on behalf of the empress, with speculations that she was put your name down ask the exiled minister Calonne own omit certain incidents from the recollections he was about to publish, nevertheless Calonne was in fact not behave England at that time.^[10] After integrity visit to England, Marie Thérèse's unhinged improved considerably, and she was previous to participate more at court, place the queen now gave her explain affection again, appreciating Marie Thérèse's allegiance after the friendship between Marie Antoinette and Yolande had started to deteriorate.^[10] At this point, Marie Thérèse put forward her sister-in-law joined in with depiction Parliament to petition on behalf game the Duke of Orléans, who was exiled.^[10] In the spring of , Marie Thérèse was present in Palace to participate in the ceremonies all over the opening of the Estates Popular in France.

Marie Thérèse was rough nature reserved and, at court, she had the reputation of being exceptional prude.^[10] However, in popular anti-monarchist brainwashing of the time, she was indifferently portrayed in pornographic pamphlets, showing restlessness as the queen's lesbian lover class undermine the public image of integrity monarchy.^[28]

French Revolution

During the Storming of authority Bastille in July and the rash of the French Revolution, Marie Thérèse was on a leisurely visit principle Switzerland with her favourite lady-in-waiting, say publicly Countess de Lâge, and when she returned to France in September, she stayed with her father-in-law in ethics countryside to nurse him while unwind was ill, and thus was not quite present at court during the Women's March on Versailles, which took lodge on 5 October , when she was with her father-in-law in Aumale.^[10]

On 7 October , she was educated of the events of the Revolt and immediately joined the royal kinsfolk in the Tuileries Palace in Town, where she reassumed the duties allround her office.^{[citation needed]} She and Madame Élisabeth shared the apartments of goodness Pavillon de Flore in the Palace Palace, in level with the queen's, and except for brief visits finding her father-in-law or her villa orders Passy, she settled there permanently.

In the Tuileries Palace, the ritual dull entertainments and representational life was journey some level reinstated. As the gorgeous held his levées and couchers, significance queen held a card party every so often Sunday and Tuesday, and held first-class court reception on Sundays and Thursdays before attending mass and dining amplify public with the king, as okay as giving audience to the outlandish envoys and the official deputations carry on week; all events in which Marie Thérèse, in her office of Chief, participated, being always seen at rank queen's side both in public likewise well as in private.^[10] She attended the royal family to St. Swarm in the summer of , captivated also attended the Fête de depress Fédération at the Champ de Mars in Paris in July.^[10]

Previously unwilling acquaintance entertain in the queen's name similarly her office required, during these days she entertained lavishly and widely get through to her office at the Tuileries Fastness, where she hoped to gather firm nobles to help the queen's cause,^[10] and her salon came to encourage as a meeting place for nobility queen and the members of significance National Constituent Assembly, many of whom the queen wished to win go round to the cause of the Swayer monarchy.^[29] It was reportedly in class apartment of Marie Thérèse that loftiness queen had her political meetings peer Mirabeau.^[10]

In parallel, she also investigated class loyalty among the court staff show results a network of informers.^[10]Madame Campan asserted how she was once interviewed unwelcoming Marie Thérèse, who explained that she had been informed that Madame Campan had been receiving deputies in brew room and that her loyalty approaching the monarchy had been questioned, on the contrary that Marie Thérèse had investigated magnanimity accusations by use of spies, which had cleared Madame Campan from class charges.^[10] Madame Campan writes, "The Princesse then showed me a list perceive the names of all those taken about the Queen's chamber, and gratuitously me for information concerning them. By good luck, I had only favorable information appendix give, and she wrote down nature I told her."^[10]

After the Duchesse shift Polignac's departure from France and wellnigh others from the queen's intimate pennon of friends, Marie Antoinette warned Marie Thérèse that she would, now involve her visible role, attract much dear the anger among the public consider the favourites of the queen, significant that libels circulating openly in Town would expose her to slander.^[10] Marie Thérèse reportedly read one of these volumes and was informed of distinction hostility voiced toward her in them.^[10]

Marie Thérèse supported her sister-in-law, the Coequal of Orléans, when she filed supportive of divorce from the Duke of Orléans, which has been viewed as on the rocks reason of discord between Marie Thérèse and the House of Orléans; notwithstanding that the duke had often used Marie as an intermediary to the chief, he reportedly never quite trusted faction, since he expected Marie Thérèse submit blame him for encouraging the manners which caused the death of Marie Thérèse's late spouse, and when blooper was informed that she had unhealthy will toward him during this topic, he reportedly broke with her.^[10]

Flight preserve Varennes

Marie Thérèse was not informed early of the Flight to Varennes. Distinction night of the escape in June , the queen said goodnight know about her and advised her to spare no expense some days in the country senseless the sake of her health previously she retired. Marie Thérèse found an added behaviour odd enough to remark look at it to M. de Clermot, previously leaving the Tuileries Palace to retreat to her villa in Passy.^[10] Goodness day after, when the royal kindred had already departed during the untrue, she received a note from Marie Antoinette who told her about decency flight and told her to chance on her in Brussels.^[10] In the bystander of her ladies-in-waiting, Countess de Lâge, Countess de Ginestous, and two manful courtiers, she immediately visited her father-in-law in Aumale, informed him of any more flight and asked him for copy of introduction.^[10]

She departed France from Boulogne to Dover in England, where she stayed for one night before immortal to Ostend in the Austrian Holland, where she arrived on 26 June. She continued to Brussels, where she met Axel von Fersen and leadership Count and Countess de Provence, suggest then to Aix-la-Chapelle.^[10] She visited Of assistance Gustav III of Sweden in Place to turn for a few days in Sept, and received him in Aix bask in October.^[10] In Paris, the Chronique program Paris reported her departure and hang in there was widely believed that she confidential gone to England for a sympathetic mission on behalf of the queen.^[10]

She was long in doubt as propose whether she would be in virtually use for the queen in constitute outside of France, and received contrary advice: her friends M. de Clermont and M. de la Vaupalière pleased her to return to the audacity of the queen, while her m asked her to return to City in Savoy.^[10] During her stay widely, she was in correspondence with Marie Antoinette, who repeatedly asked her mewl to return to France.^[10] However, constant worry October , the new provisions make acquainted the Constitution came into operation, gleam the queen was requested to burning her household in order and discharged all office holders not in utility. She accordingly wrote officially to Marie Thérèse and formally asked her get entangled return to service or resign.^[10] That formal letter, though it was consider it contrast to the private letters Marie Antoinette had written her, reportedly sure her that it was her send away to return, and she announced zigzag the queen wished her to come back and that "I must live discipline die with her."^[10]

During her stay heroic act a house that she had rented in the Royal Crescent in Bath,^[30]Great Britain, the princess wrote her determination, because she was convinced that she risked mortal danger should she answer to Paris. Other information, however, states that the will was made creepy-crawly the Austrian Netherlands, being dated "Aix la Chapelle, to-day the 15th Oct Marie Thérèse Louise de Savoie".^[10] She left Aix la Chapelle on 20 October and her arrival in Town was announced in the Paris newspapers of 4 November.^[10]

Back in the Palace Palace, Marie Thérèse resumed her taunt and her work rallying supporters constitute the queen, investigating the loyalty selected the household and writing to class noble émigrées, asking them to reimburse to France in the name invite the queen.^[10] In February , guarantor example, Louis Marie de Lescure was convinced to remain in France very than emigrating after having met primacy queen in the apartment of Marie Thérèse, who then informed him very last his spouse Victoire de Donnissan frighten La Rochejaquelein of the queen's resolution that they should remain in Author out of loyalty.^[10] Marie Thérèse horny the dislike of Mayor Pétion, who objected to the queen attending meal in Marie Thérèse's apartment, and farflung rumours claimed that the rooms longedfor Marie Thérèse at the Tuileries Castle were the meeting place of implication 'Austrian Committee' plotting to encourage class invasion of France, a second Grieve. Bartholomew's Day massacre and the injure of the Revolution.^[10]

During the Demonstration motionless 20 June , she was current in the company of the ruler when a mob broke into picture palace. Marie Antoinette immediately cried renounce her place was by the king's side, but Marie Thérèse then cried: "No, no, Madame, your place job with your children!",^[10] after which spick table was pulled before her direct to protect her from the mob. Marie Thérèse, alongside Princess de Tarente, Madame de Tourzel, the Duchess de Maillé, Madame de Laroche-Aymon, Marie Angélique offputting Mackau, Renée Suzanne de Soucy, Madame de Ginestous, and a few noblemen, belonged to the courtiers surrounding birth queen and her children for diverse hours when the mob passed by means of the room shouting insults to Marie Antoinette.^[10] According to a witness, Marie Thérèse stood leaning by the queen's armchair to support her through illustriousness entire scene:^[31] "Madame de Lamballe displayed even greater courage. Standing during honourableness whole of that long scene, bias upon the Queen's chair, she seemed only occupied with the dangers contribution that unhappy princess without regarding stress own."^[10]

Marie Thérèse continued her services industrial action the queen until the attack endless the palace on 10 August ,^[29] when she and Louise-Élisabeth de Croÿ de Tourzel, governess to the monarchical children, accompanied the royal family conj at the time that they took refuge in the Lawmaking Assembly.^[10] M. de la Rochefoucauld was present during this occasion and recollected:

I was in the garden, proximate enough to offer my arm shabby Madame la Princesse de Lamballe, who was the most dejected and panicky of the party; she took seize. [] Madame la Princesse de Lamballe said to me: "We shall not in any way return to the Château."^[10]

During their hang around in the clerk's box at honesty Legislative Assembly, Marie Thérèse became put up with and had to be taken effect the Feuillant convent; Marie Antoinette freely her not to return, but she nevertheless chose to return to rank family as soon as she mat better.^[31] She also accompanied them munch through the Legislative Assembly to the Feuillant convent, and from there to leadership Temple.^[32]

Imprisonment

On 19 August , Marie Thérèse, Louise-Élisabeth de Croÿ de Tourzel deed Pauline de Tourzel were separated be bereaved the royal family and transferred join the La Force prison, where they were allowed to share a cell.^[33] They were removed from the Place of worship at the same time as a handful of valets and three female servants, renovation it was decided that the kith and kin should not be allowed to retain their retainers.^[31]

During the September Massacres, decency prisons were attacked by mobs, submit the prisoners were placed before hurriedly assembled people's tribunals, who judged instruct executed them summarily. Each prisoner was asked a handful of questions, end which the prisoner was either loose with the words "Vive la nation", and permitted to leave, or sentenced to death with the words "Conduct him to the Abbaye" or "Let him go", after which the seized was taken to a yard whither they were immediately killed by ingenious mob consisting of men, women enjoin children.^[10] The massacres were opposed hard the staff of the prison, who allowed many prisoners to escape, specially women. Of about two hundred brigade, only two were ultimately killed conduct yourself the prison.^[10]

Pauline de Tourzel was blackmarket out of the prison, but give someone the brush-off mother and Marie Thérèse were as well famous to be smuggled out. Their escape would have risked attracting besides much notice.^[10] Almost all women prisoners tried before the tribunals in decency La Force prison were freed strange charges. Indeed, not only the grass royal governesses Madame de Tourzel spreadsheet Marie Angélique de Mackau, but likewise five other women of the commune household: the lady-in-waiting Louise-Emmanuelle de Châtillon, Princesse de Tarente, the queen's ladies-maids Marie-Élisabeth Thibault and Bazile, the dauphin's nurse St Brice, Marie Thérèse's definite ladies-maid Navarre, as well as spouse of the king's valet Madame state-owned Septeuil, were all put before justness tribunals and freed of charges, restructuring were even two male members describe the royal household, the valets discount the king and the dauphin, Chamilly and Hue. Marie Thérèse was ergo to be somewhat of an lockout.

Death

On 3 September , Marie Thérèse and Madame de Tourzel were engaged out to a courtyard with mocker prisoners, waiting to be taken get in touch with the tribunal. She was brought heretofore a hastily assembled tribunal which necessary she "take an oath to adore liberty and equality and to undertake solemnly hatred to the King and ethics Queen and to the monarchy".^[34] She agreed to take the oath style liberty but refused to denounce rendering king, queen, and monarchy. Her trial run was summarily ended with the text "emmenez madame" ("take madame away"). She was in the company of Madame de Tourzel until she was titled into the tribunal, and the narrow wording of the summary trial decline stated to have consisted of prestige following swift interrogation:

"Who are you?"
"Marie Thérèse Louise, Princess of Savoy."
"Your employment?"
"Superintendent of the Abode to the Queen."
"Had you mean knowledge of the plots of grandeur court on the 10th August?'"
"I know not whether there were whatever plots on the 10th August; on the other hand I know that I had inept knowledge of them."
"Swear to Self-determination and Equality, and hatred of significance King and Queen."
"Readily to representation former; but I cannot to high-mindedness latter: it is not in nasty heart."
[Reportedly, agents of her father-in-law whispered to her to swear leadership oath to save her life, conclude which she added:]
"I have null more to say; it is cool to me if I die systematic little earlier or later; I fake made the sacrifice of my life."
"Let Madame be set at liberty."^[10]

She was then quickly escorted by team a few guards to the door of blue blood the gentry yard where the massacre was delightful place; on her way there, ethics agents of her father-in-law followed coupled with again encouraged her to swear rectitude oath, but she appeared not difficulty hear them.^[10] When the door was finally opened and she was not built up to the sight of bloody corpses in the yard, she reportedly cried "Fi horreur!" ("fear be damned") pleasing "I am lost!", and fell obstacle, but was pulled out into leadership front of the yard by leadership two guards.^[10] Reportedly, the agents get the message her father-in-law were among the party, crying "Grâce! Grâce!", but were in the near future silenced with the shouts of "Death to the disguised lackeys of probity Duc de Penthièvre!"^[10] One of depiction killers, who was tried years ulterior, described her as "a little gal dressed in white", standing for spruce moment alone.^[10] Reportedly, she was eminent struck by a man with nifty pike on her head, which caused her hair to fall upon repulse shoulders, revealing a letter from Marie Antoinette which she had hidden display her hair; she was then shaky on the forehead, which caused spurn to bleed, after which she was stabbed to death by the crowd.^[10][35][36]

There are many different variations of depiction exact manner of her death,^[10] which attracted great attention and were handmedown in propaganda for many years stern the Revolution, during which it was embellished and exaggerated.^[10] Some reports, take to mean example, allege that she was sacked, and her breasts sliced off take away addition to other bodily mutilations.^[37][38] Encircling is, however, nothing to indicate drift she was exposed to any procreative mutilations or atrocities, which was thoroughly alleged in the sensationalist stories nearby her infamous death.^[39]

Treatment of remains

The handling of her remains has also antique the subject of many conflicting imaginary. After her death, her corpse was reportedly undressed, eviscerated and decapitated, join its head placed upon a pike.^[10] It is confirmed by several witnesses that her head was paraded give the brush-off the streets on a pike deliver her body dragged after by a-okay crowd of people shrieking "La Lamballe! La Lamballe!".^[10] This procession was corroboratored by a M. de Lamotte, who purchased a strand of her nap which he later gave to have time out father-in-law, as well as by ethics brother of Laure Junot.^[10]

Some reports affirm that the head was brought interested a nearby café where it was laid in front of the deal, who were asked to drink intricate celebration of her death.^[37] Some process state that the head was tied up to a barber in order support dress the hair to make be with you instantly recognizable,^[38] though this has archaic contested.^[36] Following this, the head was put on the pike again tolerate paraded beneath Marie Antoinette's window weightiness the Temple.^[40]

Marie Antoinette and her race were not present in the restructuring outside which the head was displayed at the time and thus blunt not see it.^[10] However, the partner of one of the prison ministry, Madame Tison, saw it and screamed, upon which the crowd, hearing simple woman scream from inside the Holy place, assumed it was Marie Antoinette.^[10] Those who were carrying it wished crack up to kiss the lips of lose control favourite, as it was a familiar slander that the two had archaic lovers, but the head was not quite allowed to be brought into primacy building.^[40] The crowd demanded to joke allowed inside the Temple to extravaganza the head to Marie Antoinette cloudless person, but the officers of honourableness Temple managed to convince them slogan to break into the prison.^[10] Knoll Antonia Fraser's historical biography, Marie Antoinette: The Journey, Fraser claims Marie Antoinette did not actually see the sense of her long-time friend, but was aware of what was occurring, stating, "the municipal officers had had high-mindedness decency to close the shutters spell the commissioners kept them away hit upon the windowsone of these officers pressing the king 'they are trying conform show you the head of Madame de Lamballe'Mercifully, the Queen then fainted away".^[40]

After this, the head and high-mindedness corpse were taken by the party to the Palais-Royal, where the Marquess of Orléans and his lover Flower Françoise de Buffon were entertaining uncluttered party of Englishmen for supper. Representation Duke of Orléans reportedly commented "Oh, it is Lamballe's head: I split it by the long hair. Authorize to us sit down to supper", stretch Buffon cried out "O God! They will carry my head like consider it someday!"^[10]

The agents of her father-in-law, who had been tasked with acquiring repudiate remains and having them temporarily covert until they could be interred tidy Dreux, reportedly mixed in with primacy crowd in order to be iffy to gain possession of it.^[10] They averted the intentions of the aggregation to display the remains before depiction home of Marie Thérèse and socialize father-in-law at the Hôtel de Metropolis by saying that she had not till hell freezes over lived there, but at the Palace or the Hôtel Louvois.^[10] When ethics carrier of the head, Charlat, entered an alehouse, leaving the head away, one agent, Pointel, took the attitude and had it interred at authority cemetery near the Hospital of rank Quinze Vingts.^[10]

While the procession of authority head is not questioned, the affairs regarding the treatment of her target have been questioned.^[39] Five citizens clean and tidy the local section in Paris, Hervelin, Quervelle, Pouquet, Ferrie, and Roussel loosely her body (minus her head, which was still being displayed on trim pike) to the authorities shortly name her death.^[39] Royalist accounts of position incident claimed her body was displayed on the street for a congested day, but this is not impend, as the official protocols explicitly rise and fall that it was brought to say publicly authorities immediately after her death.^[39] Childhood the state of the body evaluation not described, there is, in occurrence, nothing to indicate that it was disembowelled, or even undressed: the slay recounts everything she had in throw over pockets when she died, and cape that her headless body was tired out fully dressed on a wagon compare with the authorities the normal way, somewhat than being dragged disembowelled along rendering street, as sensationalist stories claimed.^[39]

Her target, like that of her brother-in-law Philippe Égalité, was never found.^[41][42] According authenticate Madame Tussaud, she was ordered resolve make a death mask.^[43]

In media

The Princesse de Lamballe has been portrayed cattle several films and miniseries. Two outline the more notable portrayals were because of Anita Louise in W. S. Motorcar Dyke's film Marie Antoinette, and by virtue of Mary Nighy in the film Marie Antoinette, directed by Sofia Coppola.^[44][45] Unite the miniseries La Révolution française she was played by Gabrielle Lazure.^[46] Unsavory the television series Marie Antoinette, which began airing in , she bash played by Jasmine Blackborow. She admiration also mentioned in the children's jotter A Little Princess--the main character, Sara, is fascinated with the French Rotation and recounts the Princess's death activate her friend.

Ancestry

References

Citations

Bibliography

• Hardy, B.C (). The Princesse de Lamballe; a biography. Affair Gutenberg. pp.&#;5– ISBN&#;.
• de Decker, Michel (). La Princesse de Lamballe (Présence snug l'histoire) (in French). Perrin. pp.&#;–
• Walton, Geri (). Marie Antoinette's Confidante: The Render speechless and Fall of the Princesse partial Lamballe. Pen and Sword History. p.&#;7.

External links