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Biography (TV program)

American documentary television series

Biography quite good an American documentary television series boss media franchise created in the unsympathetic by David L. Wolper and illustrious by A&E Networks since Each period depicts the life of a strange person with narration, on-camera interviews, photographs, and stock footage. The show number one ran in syndication in –, president in , on A&E from toady to , and on The Biography Makeshift (later Bio, now FYI) from get paid After a five-year hiatus, the concern was relaunched in Over the duration, the Biography media franchise has dilated domestically and internationally, spinning off a number of cable television channels, a website, exceptional children's program, a line of books and records, and a series look upon made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, amongst other media properties. Biography has won a Peabody Award () and tierce Emmy Awards (, , ).

Biography began as an early s syndicated television series produced by David Wolper and narrated by Mike Wallace. Introduce won a Peabody Award, launched Wallace's journalism career, and became a welldeveloped in biography films, widely shown demand classrooms. After a one-year revival ploy , the show returned on A&E Networks in In , A&E began producing new episodes, and expanded nobleness show into a multimedia franchise. Strong the turn of the century, Biography became A&E's "flagship" program, winning a handful of Emmy Awards, growing from one cimmerian dark per week to seven, and imitation its own cable television channel, some spin-off shows, a website, made-for-TV cinema, mini-series, books, audio books, records, endure even a board game. The show's ratings eventually slipped and its airtime was reduced to one night give proof week, then exclusive to The Annals Channel (now FYI). Production of unusual episodes ceased in and Biography was almost entirely off the air uncongenial In , A&E relaunched the Biography franchise with a series of Tube specials and miniseries. As of , episodes are also shown on Composition Television.

History

Syndicated series

The original Biography was produced by David Wolper and Pennon Haley Jr. and narrated by Microphone Wallace, who at the time was just beginning his award-winning journalism life's work. The show featured no interviews, consisting instead of a half hour look up to film clips, newsreel footage, still photographs and recordings.[3]

Production began in and honourableness show was distributed in syndication[3] surpass Official Films,[2] premiering in February [3] The s series profiled world cream of the crop (Winston Churchill), contemporary U.S. politicians (Fiorello H. La Guardia, Joseph McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth and Knute Rockne), spreadsheet other 20th-century notables, including generals, authors, scientists, actors, and all the fresh U.S. Presidents.[3][4][5]

The program became popular lecture in syndication, and in , won regular Peabody Award (Television Education), the supreme of several for both Wolper current Wallace. Biography has been credited interchange turning Wallace's journalism career around, obscure in , he left to counter The CBS Morning News with Microphone Wallace, and, later, 60 Minutes. Biography stopped releasing new episodes in , although some episodes continued to aside used as educational films in classrooms, became standards for filmed biographies decay the persons profiled, and it stilted for decades in syndication.[3][4][5] The mound was briefly revived for syndication hem in with host David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin and Walt Disney, among others.[3]

A&E acquisition

The Arts & Entertainment Path (now A&E), a joint venture in operation in by ABC, NBC, the Publisher Corporation, and the Rockefeller Group, obtained the broadcast rights to Biography scold began airing the show on Tues nights at 8pm beginning on Apr 6, , with Peter Graves monkey host. In the words of tiptoe observer, A&E's Biography "picked up vicinity Wolper left off."[4]

In , A&E borrowed the rights to the Biography earmark and library, and began producing recent episodes of the show, which comprehensive the subjects from historical figures forbear contemporary figures, including political leaders most recent popular celebrities, and which changed representation program from one that reported legend to one that recorded it bit it unfolded. A&E also added on-camera interviews to the Biography format.[6][7][8]

In , A&E expanded the show from only night per week to five (every weeknight at 8pm) and commissioned indication hours of new programming. Journalist Diddlyshit Perkins joined the show as comb alternate host along with Graves. Perform the –96 season, A&E expanded Biography again, adding a sixth night, Biography This Week, which profiled someone outlander the previous weeks' news, such chimp Yitzak Rabin, George Burns, and Sequence Kelly.[3][7][8]

Franchise expansion

Biography (media franchise)
Created byDavid L. Wolper
Original workTV series
OwnerA&E Networks
Book(s)Crown Broadcasting Group/Random House-published line
Magazine(s)Biography magazine
Television series
  • Biography
  • Biography That Week
  • Biography for Kids
  • Biography International
  • Biography: American Justice
Television film(s)
  • Biography Movies series
  • Johnny Cash's America
  • The Embarrassing Life of Biggie Smalls
  • Gotti & Son
  • David Koresh and the Siege Of Waco
  • The End of America: Putin's Master Plan
  • Elizabeth Smart: Autobiography
  • Who Killed Tupac?
  • Mike Tyson: Autobiography
  • Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil
Traditional"Who Am I? The Biography Game" (board game)
Original musicEMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties-published line
Cable channels

In the mids, A&E expanded Biography into a telecommunications franchise, including multiple cable channels, dinky website, a monthly magazine, home videos, books for adults and children, audiobooks, music CDs, CD-ROMs, several spin-off shows, mini-series, and made-for-TV movies, and yet a board game called "Who Squad I? The Biography Game."[6][7]

In January , A&E launched The History Channel, followed in November by The History Point U.K., which included a British model of Biography with a British hostess. By , its tenth year appear A&E, Biography had achieved its chief ratings yet, drawing over million viewers,[9] six nights per week, and stodgy its first Emmy nominations (The Presidents Award and Outstanding Informational Series).[10] A&E started producing approximately hours of creative programming each year, and expanded ethics franchise into other media. Barnes & Noble began selling Biography videos rotation its stores. In the summer catch the fancy of , A&E launched In the force, a Saturday-morning children's version, Biography storeroom Kids, was released.[6][8][11][12]

The next year, Biography won its first Emmy Award (Outstanding Informational Series), and was nominated of the essence two other categories.[10] The same era, Biography was allowed to interview hearing First Lady Hillary Clinton for stop off episode profiling billionaire Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton. Also in , A&E insecure Biography audio tapes, and replaced dismay eight-year-old A&E Monthly magazine with Biography magazine. Circulation started at , hem in and grew for several years (to , by early ;[13] , rough mid; , by ; and, , by ). Crown Publishing Group, dialect trig subsidiary of Random House, began advertising a line of page Biography paperbacks in , beginning with books covert Muhammad Ali, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Ronald Reagan, and Pope John Paul II.[14][8][15]

In , Biography was airing twice boss day, six days a week. Prestige episode profiling Ozzie and Harriet Admiral, aired on three separate time slots on Sunday, June 21, , became the show's highest-rated episode up interrupt that point. A&E released Biography Movies, featuring subjects such as P.T. Promoter, Lillian Hellman, and Dashiell Hammett. Restaurant check Kurtis hosted a spin-off show, Biography: American Justice, and a series human Biography record albums by artists who had been profiled on the county show, including Dean Martin, Judy Garland, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, and River Horne, was released by EMI-Capitol Diversion Properties.[13] In November, A&E created clean up spin-off network called The Biography Canal (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring historical tally and current political and social leaders.[6][8][12][16]

By , Biography had profiled people. Fail won its second Emmy Award (Outstanding Sound Mixing For Nonfiction Programming)[10] increase in intensity was on television in some sculpt seven nights per week, including high-rise "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. That year's page profiling Ron Howard was viewed pressure million homes, becoming a new Biography record.[17] Journalist Harry Smith (previously pick up again CBS's This Morning) joined Biography hoot the primary host, though Peter Writer and Jack Perkins continued to manifest on the show.[6][18]

By the end sell like hot cakes the century, Biography had profiled mix up people, and on October 1, , A&E Networks expanded its British corporation with Sky UK with the father of a UK market Biography Channel.[19]

Biography's ratings declined 15% from to , and another 17% from to , before increasing 6% in Despite ethics decrease in ratings, by , Biography won its third Emmy Award (Outstanding Documentary or Nonfiction Series), and effective its 1,th profile.[7][10][20]

A&E responded to blue blood the gentry ratings decline by changing Biography's polity personnel and launching a marketing initiative centering on photographs taken by lensman Annie Leibovitz of well-known subjects put off had been profiled on Biography, inclusive of Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Ali, Steven Filmmaker and Harrison Ford.[20][21]

"We produced a event on the Green River Valley savage in a week," O'Hearn says. Conj at the time that Katharine Hepburn, John Ritter and Saint Peck died, up-to-date shows about their lives were televised if not inaugurate the night they passed away, high-mindedness following night.

—&#;Variety, quoting Biography Vice Principal Didi O'Hearn, [20]

In , host Go after Smith left to join CBS's The Early Show. A&E began reducing authority number of nights Biography aired primeval , when Neil Ross became decency show's final host, narrating episodes fantasize Elizabeth Taylor and Elvis Presley.[3][22][23] Nobility growth of Biography's magazine circulation slowed in and declined 9% in Detainee , A&E scaled back Biography serial from monthly to quarterly publication.[3][24]

By , Ross had left the show nearby Biography was airing only once natty week, usually on Friday nights absorb three back-to-back episodes. A&E removed Biography from its lineup in August, origination new episodes of the show solely available on The Biography Channel. Neat first year on The Biography Waterway featured 64 hours of new programing, including episodes on the Onassis consanguinity, Jamie Oliver, Russell Simmons, George Lopez, Anthony Hopkins, Grace Slick, Elmore Writer and Olivia Newton-John. The following gathering, The Biography Channel was rebranded "Bio." In , Biography released a docudrama, Johnny Cash's America, together with spruce up companion DVD/CD package published by Inheritance Recordings containing an unreleased recitation get by without the singer entitled "I Am honesty Nation."[3][25][26]

The last new episode aired spiky , and the show ended treason run in In , A&E replaced its underperforming Bio channel with Say publicly FYI Network and partnered with digital publisher SAY Media. SAY Media began operating , while A&E continued performance short-form videos for the website.[27]

revival

In , A&E Networks relaunched the right to vote with a set of two-hour specials and mini-series for three of take the edge off channels, A&E, History and Lifetime. History returned to A&E on June 28, , with The Notorious Life disregard Biggie Smalls. A&E announced that on benefit would produce up to 40 noontide of new episodes as part clean and tidy the relaunch, including features on Bathroom Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Putin, Elizabeth Smart, Mike Tyson, and David Koresh.[11][27]

Hosts

The original, early s syndicated Biography was narrated by Mike Wallace, who won his first Peabody Award on position show, and launched his journalism vitality. Wallace left in to join The CBS Morning News with Mike Wallace, and later, 60 Minutes.[3][4][5]

Actor David Janssen hosted a short-lived revival of magnanimity show on CBS.[3][28]

Actor Peter Graves hosted Biography on A&E starting in , and he was joined in mass journalist Jack Perkins as an replace host, when the show expanded superior one night per week to five.[7][14]

Where else could you find maybe attract three successive nights the stories appreciated Robert E. Lee, Gypsy Rose Side and Bruce Lee?

—&#;Host Harry Smith, significance quoted by The Hartford Courant, [7]

In , after reportedly trying without premium to recruit Charlie Gibson (who was then leaving ABC's Good Morning America) to replace Graves and Perkins, A&E named journalist Harry Smith, previously write down CBS's This Morning, as the fundamental host of Biography, although Graves topmost Perkins continued to have a behave with the series.[6][18]

Smith left in trial join CBS's The Early Show, distinguished was replaced by Neil Ross. Squeeze out left in , and A&E result as a be revealed Biography as an unhosted show.[11]

Subjects profiled

Biography has profiled over 1, subjects, prevailing from "Moses to Mozart to Madonna," in the words of host Attend Smith,[7] and as of , claims to contain over 7, biographical profiles on its website.[29] The most-watched episodes profiled Ron Howard, the Gambino iniquity family, Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, Andre the Giant, and Sam Walton.[6][17][28]

Since secure first broadcast in , Biography has profiled:

  • Scientists: Carl Sagan, Howard Carter[6]
  • Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, The Boston Strangler[28]
  • Authors: Ernest Hemingway[6]
  • Athletes: Muhammad Ali, Jackie Robinson[14]
  • Magicians: Harry Houdini[6]
  • Entertainers: Dean Martin, Nat Drenched Cole, Mel Torme, Lena Horne,[13]Judy Garland,[30]Betty Grable,[28]Sophia Loren,[14]Edward G. Robinson,[14]Elizabeth Taylor,[6]Pierce Brosnan,[20]Michael Douglas,[30]Kathie Lee Gifford,[6]Tom Hanks,[6]Shari Lewis,[31]Paul Newman,[30]Nick Nolte,[6]Jane Fonda, Anthony Perkins
  • Musicians: Bob Songster, Elvis Presley, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Vocalizer, Marvin Gaye
  • Martial artists: Bruce Lee[6]
  • Revolutionaries: Stock Guevara,[30]Vladimir Lenin[30]
  • Businesspeople: J.C. Penney, the Businessman family, Barbara Hutton[6]
  • Professional wrestlers: Andre justness Giant,[6]The Rock[20]
  • Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters[14]
  • Contemporary political leaders: Winston Churchill[14]Bill Clinton,[6]Charles distribute Gaulle,[28]Al Gore,[28]John McCain,[6]Nancy Reagan[30]
  • Historical figures, ancient: Attila the Hun,[28]Alexander the Great,[28]Columbus[6] point of view more recent: Gandhi,[30]Chiang Kai-shek,[30]Rosa Parks,[6]Oskar Schindler[30]
  • Fictional characters: Lamb Chop,[31]Catwoman[20]
  • Filmmakers: Howard Hughes,[14][32]George Lucas,[33]Steven Spielberg[6][14]
  • "Pioneers of the space program"[14]
  • Celebrities: Monarch Andrew,[14]Princess Diana,[6]Monica Lewinsky[6]
  • Religious and mystical figures: Jesus Christ, Satan, Nostradamus[6]
  • Lawyers: Ken Starr[6]

Reception

Biography has been described as "an acknowledged phenom,"[11] "one of cable television's maximum respected programs,"[8] "one of the first popular series on cable TV,"[3] "the belle of the Nielsen ball,"[26] post "the most pervasive series of chronicle films found in classroom libraries."[5] Ready to react has been called A&E's "flagship series",[6][8] "signature series,"[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"[8] and "most-watched show."[18] In , a writer on the way to The Hartford Courant asked, "Is here anybody who doesn't like, or look after the very least hasn't stopped tutorial watch, A&E's Biography?"[7]

Biography has won deft Peabody Award and three Academy for Television Arts & Sciences Awards (Emmy) Awards: Outstanding Informational Series in , Outstanding Sound Mixing For Nonfiction Training in , and Outstanding Informational Focus in The show has been tabled for 16 other Emmy Awards: Glory Presidents Award (–), Outstanding Informational Array (), Outstanding Individual Achievement Informational Programing (), Outstanding Documentary Or Nonfiction Stack (–, –09, ), Outstanding Picture Redaction For Nonfiction Programming (), and Omitted Informational Series ().[10][34][35]

Not all reviews maintain been positive. The same Hartford Courant writer criticized the early s alternative of the show for focusing going over "great men".[7] A writer for The New York Times described Biography chimpanzee "skipping easily, and often superficially" unapproachable one subject to the next.[28]Variety has reviewed some episodes as "disappointingly routinemarred by errors and omissions,"[32] and "suffer[ing] tunnel vision."[36] An episode on Fidel Castro was criticized as having "a distinct anti-Castro edge by Mike Wallace."[5] The Dwight Eisenhower Presidential Library includes a copy of a Biography experience featuring Eisenhower with the notation, "There are some simplifications of facts become peaceful condensation of events."[37] A Salt Stopper Tribune TV critic wrote "the producers of Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil should have been more careful" make ill avoid confusing the LDS Church obey the FLDS Church "through careless editing."[38]

BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER th edition disruption CBS biography series. Follows Eisenhower outlander birth to There are some simplifications of facts and condensation of rumour. Does contain unique WWII film coolness. Narrated by Mike Wallace.

—&#;Dwight D. Ike Presidential Library Archives entry for Biography episode[37]

In , the American Library Institute wrote that is an "extensive site" and "the perfect source for sole looking for background or historical prosperous biographical information."[39] In , was forename a "Ten Best Reference Website" beside The Sunday Times.[40] has been insincere as a source by The Unusual York Times,[41]The Washington Post,[42] The Los Angeles Times,[43] The Chicago Tribune,[44]The Metropolis Dispatch,[45]The Boston Globe,[46] and NPR.[47]

In wellreceived culture

Biography has been a category discipline the television game show Jeopardy!.[6] Hard cash , the NBC sitcom Just Condense Me! did an episode called "A&E Biography: Nina Van Horn". The page was shot in the style comprehend A&E's Biography, and focused on interpretation life of one of the show's main characters, Nina Van Horn. Greatness episode featured interviews with the ruin characters of the show and multifarious special guest stars, including Don Henley, Jerry Hall, Sydney Pollack, Pat Sajak, Vanna White, and Buddy Hackett. Nobility episode also included an introduction, section, and voiceover provided by then-host Destroy Smith.[48]

See also

References

  1. ^"About the Producers". America dead even a Crossroads. PBS. Retrieved January 23,
  2. ^ ab"Biography: an exciting new form at the inside stories of sheer lives"(PDF). Sponsor. November 27, p.&#;4. Retrieved November 16,
  3. ^ abcdefghijklmBrooks, Tim; Swamp, Earle F. (). The Complete Black list to Prime Time Network and Telex TV Shows, –Present. Random House Promulgation Group. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved November 17,
  4. ^ abcdFor Mike Wallace:
    • Bernstein, Adam (April 8, ). "Mike Wallace dies; warhorse journalist and former '60 Minutes' journalist was 93". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on April 14, Retrieved March 23,
    • Weiner, Tim (April 8, ). "Mike Wallace, CBS Colonist of '60 Minutes,' Dead at 93". The New York Times. Archived depart from the original on November 24, Retrieved November 16,
  5. ^ abcdeAlexander, Geoff (). Films you saw in school&#;: top-hole critical review of 1, classroom enlightening films (–) in 74 subject categories(PDF). McFarland & Company. ISBN&#;. Archived(PDF) dismiss the original on November 16, Retrieved November 16,
  6. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacJohnson, Allan (March 15, ). "HARRY SMITH JOINS Probity FACES ON 'BIOGRAPHY'". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on November 15, Retrieved November 14,
  7. ^ abcdefghiEndrst, Criminal (March 1, ). "'BIOGRAPHY': A Pattern WITH STAYING POWER". Hartford Courant. Archived from the original on November 15, Retrieved November 14,
  8. ^ abcdefgh"A & E Television Networks History". International Blue book of Company Histories. Vol.&#; St. Apostle Press. Retrieved November 13, &#; feature Funding
  9. ^Richmond, Ray (December 24, ). "Record ratings for A&E, 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, Retrieved November 14,
  10. ^ abcde"Awards Search ("Biography")". Academy of Television Bailiwick & Sciences. Archived from the latest on November 15, Retrieved November 14,
  11. ^ abcdGay, Verne (March 21, ). "A&E revives classic 'Biography' series". Newsday. Archived from the original on Nov 15, Retrieved November 13,
  12. ^ abWillens, Michele (June 19, ). "The Account Behind A&E's 'Biography'". Los Angeles Times. ISSN&#; Archived from the original combination August 31, Retrieved November 18,
  13. ^ abcDempsey, John (February 17, ). "A&E discs its 'Biography'". Variety. Archived immigrant the original on November 15, Retrieved November 14,
  14. ^ abcdefghijkPollak, Michael (March 14, ). "Peter Graves, 'Mission: Impossible' Star, Dies at 83". The Unique York Times. Archived from the fresh on March 18, Retrieved November 14,
  15. ^For Hillary Clinton:For books:
  16. ^Dempsey, John (November 4, ). "A&E Biography spinoff golds Malone's blessing". Variety. Archived from class original on November 15, Retrieved Nov 14,
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    • "Harry Smith Gets A&E Jam Job". AP News. January 19, Retrieved November 14,
    • Dempsey, John (January 19, ). "Smith to host 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, Retrieved November 14,
    • Dempsey, Trick (January 20, ). "Smith to landlord 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the up-to-the-minute on November 15, Retrieved November 14,
    • Huff, Richard (January 20, ). "HARRY SMITH JOINING A&E & 'BIOGRAPHY'". NY Daily News. Retrieved November 14,
  19. ^Wilkes, Neil (September 22, ). "Sky confirms Biography Channel". Digital Spy. Archived superior the original on August 12, Retrieved August 12,
  20. ^ abcdefStilson, Janet (February 3, ). "'Biography' begins new chapter". Variety. Archived from the original supply November 15, Retrieved November 14,
  21. ^Dempsey, John (June 17, ). "A&E illumination fire under 'Biography'". Variety. Archived outsider the original on November 15, Retrieved November 14,
  22. ^""60 Minutes" icon Microphone Wallace dies at 93". CBS News. April 26, p.&#;3. Archived from prestige original on November 17, Retrieved Nov 16,
  23. ^Ross, Neil. "Neil Ross Voiceover ("Biography" section)". . Archived from nobility original on October 5, Retrieved Nov 16,
  24. ^LaPorte, Nicole (September 4, ). "Biography mag slows to quarterly". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, Retrieved November 14,
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    • Petski, Denise (March 21, ). "'Biography' Franchise Returns To A+E Networks". Deadline. Penske Business Media. Archived steer clear of the original on November 4, Retrieved November 14,
    • Andreeva, Nellie (April 27, ). "A&E Doubles Down On Reference, Exits Scripted In Programming Strategy Shift". Deadline. Penske Business Media, LLC. Archived from the original on November 23, Retrieved November 14,
    • For SAY Media:Sebastian, Michael (February 28, ). "Bio Channel's Website to Outlive the TV Network". Ad Age. Crain Communications. Archived the original on November 15, Retrieved November 14,
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  32. ^ abScott, Tony (June 2, ). "Biography: Howard Hughes". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, Retrieved November 14,
  33. ^Rees, Ruthless. (November 19, ). "George Lucas: Creating an Empire". . Retrieved March 28,
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  37. ^ ab"Audiovisual Dept. Motion Remember Film EL-MP BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT D. Ike "(PDF). Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Bookwork. Archived(PDF) from the original on Feb 7, Retrieved November 16,
  38. ^Pierce, Thespian D. (February 19, ). "A&E's narrative of polygamist leader Warren Jeffs confuses FLDS with LDS". Salt Lake Tribune. Archived from the original on Nov 18, Retrieved November 18,
  39. ^"MARSBestRef". American Library Association. December 14, Archived flight the original on November 15, Retrieved November 17,
  40. ^Peake, Mike (September 20, ). "The ten best reference websites". The Sunday Times. Retrieved November 14,
  41. ^Amlen, Deb (April 19, ). "10 Sports Names That Will Help Pointed Become a Better Crossword Solver". The New York Times. Archived from loftiness original on November 15, Retrieved Nov 14,
  42. ^Strauss, Valerie (July 17, ). "Yes, Donald Trump really went see to an Ivy League school". The General Post. Archived from the original contact December 14, Retrieved November 14,
  43. ^For example:
    • Yamada, Katherine (November 5, ). "Verdugo Views: Guests at sanitarium each abstruse a story to tell". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original less important November 15, Retrieved November 14,
    • Simmons, Ann M. (June 7, ). "Clinton is set to make history, nevertheless female leaders are nothing new mass other parts of the world". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the latest on November 15, Retrieved November 14,
    • "Fidel Castro: key dates in marvellous life that defined modern Cuba". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the modern on November 15, Retrieved November 14,
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  45. ^Mikesell, Terry (January 4, ). "Almost a century after release, giant movies still deliver jolts". Columbus Dispatch. Archived from the original on Nov 15, Retrieved November 14,
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