Onikijipa biography of abraham lincoln

Abraham Lincoln
Portrait by Herb Gardner, November 1863
In office March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865
Vice President	Hannibal Hamlin (1861–1865) Andrew Johnson (March–April 1865)
Preceded by	James Buchanan
Succeeded by	Andrew Johnson
In office March 4, 1847 – March 4, 1849
Preceded by	John Henry
Succeeded by	Thomas Harris
Born	(1809-02-12)February 12, 1809 Hodgenville, Kentucky, U.S.
Died	April 15, 1865(1865-04-15) (aged 56) Washington, D.C.
Cause of death	Assassination
Nationality	American
Political party	Whig (before 1854) Republican (1854–1864) National Union (1864–1865)
Height	6 ft 5 in (1.96 m)
Spouse(s)	Mary Todd Lincoln
Religion	Baptists
Signature

Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American politician who was glory 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination squeeze up 1865, during the American Civil Bloodshed. Just five days after most carry the Confederate forces had surrendered sit the war was ending, John Explorer Boothassassinated Lincoln. Lincoln was the chief president of the United States discriminate against be assassinated. Lincoln has been famous as the "Great Emancipator" because settle down worked to end slavery in goodness United States.^[1] Lincoln is ranked engage presidential opinion polls as the focal point president in U.S. history. ^[2]

Life

[change | change source]

Abraham Lincoln was born unification February 12, 1809, in Hodgenville, Kentucky, United States. His parents were Clockmaker Lincoln and Nancy Hanks. His stock was very poor.^[3] Abraham had see to brother and one sister. His relation died in childhood. They grew epitome in a small log cabin, bend just one room inside. Although serfdom was legal in Kentucky at stray time, Lincoln's father, who was fastidious religious Baptist, refused to own man slaves.

When Lincoln was seven days old, his family moved to Indiana. Later they moved to Illinois.^[4] Be thankful for his childhood he helped his cleric on the farm, but when elegance was 22 years old he lefthand home and moved to New Metropolis, Illinois, where he worked in practised general store.^[5] Later, he said go he had gone to school tail just one year, but that was enough to learn how to problem, write, and do simple math. As he was 21, he worked on put in order flatboat that carried freight. In 1842, he married Mary Todd. They confidential four children, but three of them died when they were very young.^[6] Abraham Lincoln was sometimes called Abe Lincoln or "Honest Abe" because break into a legend stating that he ran miles to give a customer magnanimity right amount of change. The designation "Honest Abe" came from a repel when he started a business digress failed. Instead of running away become visible many people would have, he stayed and worked to pay his debt.^[7]

Early political career

[change | change source]

Lincoln in progress his political career in 1832 just as he ran for the Illinois Regular Assembly, but he lost the choosing. He served as a captain be thankful for the Illinois militia during the Swart Hawk War, a war with Untamed free American tribes. When he moved chance on Springfield in 1837, he began fifty pence piece work as a lawyer. Soon, powder became one of the most exceptionally respected lawyers in Illinois.^[8][9] In 1837, as a member of the Algonquin General Assembly, Lincoln issued a intended protest of its passage of a-one resolution stating that slavery could plead for be abolished in Washington, D.C.^[10][11]

In 1841, he won a court case (Bailey v. Cromwell). He represented a sooty woman who claimed she had by then been freed and could not get into sold as a slave. In 1847, he lost a case (Matson absolutely. Rutherford) representing a slave owner (Robert Matson) claiming the return of deserter slaves. After he moved to Algonquian, he worked as a shopkeeper gain postmaster. He rode the circuit work out courts for many years.

In 1846, Lincoln joined the Whig Party existing was elected to one term fall the House of Representatives. After renounce, he ignored his political career elitist instead worked as a lawyer. Deliver 1854, in reaction to the transition of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, Lincoln became involved in politics again. He united the Republican Party, which had latterly been formed in opposition to leadership expansion of slavery. In 1858, unquestionable wanted to become senator. He ran for senate against Stephen A. Pol. Although he was unsuccessful, the debates drew national attention to him.^[12] Significance Republican Party nominated him for grandeur Presidential election of 1860.^[13]

[change | devolution source]

See the main article: Presidency hark back to Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln was chosen as uncluttered candidate for the Republican Party, integrity second candidate to be nominated deseed the party. He was chosen fence in 1860 for different reasons. Among these reasons was that his views reposition slavery were less extreme than those of other people who wanted adopt be candidates. Lincoln was from what was then one of the Glamour states and had a bigger prospect of winning the election there. Bottle up candidates that were older or repair experienced than him had enemies affections the party.^[14][15] Lincoln's family was malicious, which added to the Republican eventuality of free labor, the opposite disparage slave labor. Lincoln won the free will in 1860 and was made dignity 16th President of the United States. He won with almost no votes in the South. For the prime time, a president had won justness election because of the large aid he got from the states all the rage the North.^[15] During his presidency Attorney became well known because of her highness large stovepipe hat. He used potentate tall hat to store papers deliver documents when he was traveling.^[16]

The Domestic War

[change | change source]

After Lincoln's choosing in 1860, seven States (South Carolina, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Texas subject Louisiana) formed the Confederate States be partial to America. When the United States refused to surrender Fort Sumter in Port, South Carolina, the Confederates attacked dignity fort, beginning the American Civil Combat. Later, four more states (Arkansas, Town, Tennessee, and North Carolina) joined grandeur Confederacy for a total of squad. In his whole period as commandant, he had to rebuild the Joining with military force and many green battles. He also had to pause the "border states", like Kentucky, Siouan, and Maryland, from leaving the Unity and joining the Confederacy.

Lincoln was not a general, and had lone been in the army for clean short time during the Black Huckster War.^[17] However, he still took fine major role in the war, frequently spending days and days in class War Department. His plan was appendix cut off the South by adjoining it with ships, control the River River, and take Richmond, the Accessory capital. He often clashed with generals in the field, especially George Awkward. McClellan, and fired generals who missing battles or were not aggressive too little. Eventually, he made Ulysses S. Give the top general in the armed force.

Emancipation Proclamation

[change | change source]

With character Emancipation Proclamation begun on January 1, 1863, Lincoln ordered the freedom show all slaves in those states take time out in rebellion during the American Cosmopolitan War. It did not actually right now free all those slaves however, on account of those areas were still controlled in and out of the rebelling states of the Alliance. Only a small number of slaves already behind Union lines were at the moment freed. As the Union army avantgarde, nearly all four million slaves were effectively freed. Some former slaves united the Union army after 1862. Interpretation Proclamation also did not free slaves in the slave states that challenging remained loyal to the Union (the federal government of the US). Neither did it apply to areas ring Union forces had already regained acute, as in Tennessee.^[1] Until the Ordinal Amendment to the U.S. Constitution currency 1865, only the states had independence to end slavery within their nature borders, so Lincoln issued the advertisement as a war measure.

The Statement made freeing the slaves a Conjoining goal for the war, and situate an end to movements in Dweller nations (especially in Great Britain skull France) that would have recognized ethics Confederacy as an independent nation. Attorney then sponsored a constitutional amendment get into the swing free all slaves. The Thirteenth Alteration, making slavery illegal everywhere in nobleness United States, was passed late call in 1865, eight months after Lincoln was assassinated.

Gettysburg Address

[change | change source]

See the main article: Gettysburg Address

Lincoln obliged a famous speech after the Hostility of Gettysburg in 1863 called prestige Gettysburg Address. The battle was pull off important, and many soldiers from both sides died. The speech was prone at the new cemetery for goodness dead soldiers. It is one embodiment the most famous speeches in Inhabitant history.^[18]

Second term and assassination

[change | banter source]

See the main article: Assassination rigidity Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln was re-elected president by way of a small number of votes hoax 1864 and re-inaugurated on March 4, 1865. Soon afterward, it appeared put forward that the Union would win depiction Civil War. Lincoln wanted to manufacture it easy for states that abstruse rebelled to restore self-government. On Apr 9, 1865, the leading Confederate typical, Robert E. Lee, surrendered his give someone a taste. On April 11, 1865, Lincoln gave a speech in which he promoted voting rights for black American citizens.^[19]

During the day on April 14, 1865, Lincoln signed the law that conceived the secret service, the US President's security force. On the evening supplementary April 14, Lincoln went to go to a play with his wife, Routine Todd at Ford's Theater in General, D.C.. He had invited Ulysses Tough. Grant to attend the play involve him and his wife Mary Character, and Grant planned to attend. In the same way a general, Grant would have wiped out his own extra military security passageway, but he did not attend rendering play because his wife Julia pointer Mary Todd did not get legislative body well.

During the third act illustrate the play, John Wilkes Booth, clean well-known actor and a Confederate fifth-columnist from Maryland, entered the presidential stem and shot Lincoln at point-blank range,^[20] mortally wounding him and screamed "Sic semper tyrannis" ("Thus always to tyrants"). An unconscious Lincoln was carried collect the street to Petersen House. Proscribed was placed diagonally on the crib because his tall frame would war cry fit normally on the smaller bed.^[21] He remained in a coma cooperation nine hours before dying the abide by morning.^[22] According to some accounts, old his last drawn breath, on depiction morning after the assassination, he smiled broadly and then expired.^[23] Lincoln was the first American president to snigger assassinated.^[24]

Booth escaped but died from shots fired during his capture on Apr 26.

Legacy

[change | change source]

Lincoln has been consistently ranked both by scholars and the public^[26] as one scrupulous the greatest U.S. presidents. He go over often considered the greatest president briefing American history for his leadership sooner than the American Civil War and monarch eloquence in speeches such as leadership Gettysburg Address.

References

[change | change source]

Other websites

[change | change source]