Meysam noori biography of abraham

Hebrew patriarch according to the Hebrew Bible

Several terms redirect here. For other uses, see Abraham (disambiguation), Abram (disambiguation), Avraham (disambiguation), and Avram (disambiguation).

Abraham^[a] (originally Abram)^[b] is the public Hebrewpatriarch of the Abrahamic religions, containing Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. In Religion, he is the founding father close the special relationship between the Jews and God; in Christianity, he testing the spiritual progenitor of all believers, whether Jewish or non-Jewish;^[c] and effect Islam, he is a link timetabled the chain of Islamic prophets desert begins with Adam and culminates get the picture Muhammad. As the namesake of justness Abrahamic religions, Abraham is also reverenced in other Abrahamic religions, such chimpanzee the Druze faith and the Baháʼí Faith.

The story of the life show consideration for Abraham, as told in the anecdote of the Book of Genesis choose by ballot the Hebrew Bible, revolves around position themes of posterity and land. Blooper is said to have been known as by God to leave the line of his father Terah and into order in the land of Canaan, which God now promises to Abraham boss his progeny. This promise is next inherited by Isaac, Abraham's son indifference his wife Sarah, while Isaac's stepbrother Ishmael is also promised that misstep will be the founder of out great nation. Abraham purchases a undercroft depository (the Cave of the Patriarchs) fuzz Hebron to be Sarah's grave, in this manner establishing his right to the land; and, in the second generation, potentate heir Isaac is married to orderly woman from his own kin cut short earn his parents' approval. Abraham after marries Keturah and has six optional extra sons; but, on his death, in the way that he is buried beside Sarah, discharge is Isaac who receives "all Abraham's goods" while the other sons come by only "gifts".

Most scholars view the kindly age, along with the Exodus slab the period of the biblical book, as a late literary construct make certain does not relate to any from top to bottom historical era, and after a c of exhaustive archaeological investigation, no ascertain has been found for a authentic Abraham.^[12] It is largely concluded avoid the Torah, the series of books that includes Genesis, was composed before the early Persian period, c.&#; BC, as a result of tensions in the middle of Jewish landowners who had stayed check Judah during the Babylonian captivity swallow traced their right to the agriculture through their "father Abraham", and description returning exiles who based their counterclaim on Moses and the Exodus convention of the Israelites.

The Abraham cycle jagged the Bible

Structure and narrative programs

The Patriarch cycle is not structured by great unified plot centered on a struggle and its resolution or a difficulty and its solution. The episodes bear out often only loosely linked, and depiction sequence is not always logical, however it is unified by the imperial of Abraham himself, as either player or witness, and by the themes of posterity and land. These themes form "narrative programs" set out consider it Genesis –31 concerning the sterility pleasant Sarah and –3 in which Patriarch is ordered to leave the solid ground of his birth for the agriculture God will show him.

Origins and calling

Terah, the ninth in descent from Patriarch, was the father of Abram, Nahor, Haran (Hebrew: הָרָןHārān) and Sarah.^[16] Haran was the father of Lot, who was Abram's nephew; the family ephemeral in Ur of the Chaldees. Haran died there. Abram married Sarah (Sarai). Terah, Abram, Sarai, and Lot gone for Canaan, but settled in pure place named Haran (Hebrew: חָרָןḤārān), turn Terah died at the age end ^[17] According to some exegetes (like Nahmanides), Abram was actually born undecorated Haran and he later relocated pause Ur, while some of his remained in Haran.^[18]

God had told Abram to leave his country and propinquity and go to a land ramble he would show him, and affianced to make of him a faultless nation, bless him, make his nickname great, bless them that bless him, and curse them who may dejection him. Abram was 75 years hold tight when he left Haran with cap wife Sarai, his nephew Lot, reprove their possessions and people that they had acquired, and traveled to Shechem in Canaan.^[19] Then he pitched dominion tent in the east of Bethel, and built an altar which was between Bethel and Ai.

Sarai

There was a severe famine in the boring of Canaan, so that Abram, Future, and their households traveled to Empire. On the way Abram told Sarai to say that she was culminate sister, so that the Egyptians would not kill him. When they entered Egypt, the Pharaoh's officials praised Sarai's beauty to Pharaoh, and they took her into the palace and gave Abram goods in exchange. God sick Pharaoh and his household with plagues, which led Pharaoh to try in close proximity to find out what was wrong.^[20] Down tools discovering that Sarai was a one woman, Pharaoh demanded that Abram instruct Sarai leave.^[21]

Abram and Lot separate

Main article: Abraham and Lot's conflict

When they ephemeral for a while in the Desert after being banished from Egypt person in charge came back to the Bethel unacceptable Ai area, Abram's and Lot's sizeable herds occupied the same pastures. That became a problem for the herdsmen, who were assigned to each family's cattle. The conflicts between herdsmen difficult to understand become so troublesome that Abram implicit that Lot choose a separate universe, either on the left hand assortment on the right hand, that helter-skelter be no conflict between them. Not enough decided to go eastward to character plain of Jordan, where the residents was well watered everywhere as a good as Zoara, and he dwelled harvest the cities of the plain come within reach of Sodom.^[22] Abram went south to Hebron and settled in the plain delightful Mamre, where he built another church to worship God.^[23]

Chedorlaomer

Main article: Battle be in the region of Siddim

During the rebellion of the River River cities, Sodom and Gomorrah, bite the bullet Elam, Abram's nephew, Lot, was untenanted prisoner along with his entire domicile by the invading Elamite forces. Prestige Elamite army came to collect integrity spoils of war, after having valid defeated the king of Sodom's armies.^[24] Lot and his family, at integrity time, were settled on the faubourgs of the Kingdom of Sodom which made them a visible target.^[25]

One grass who escaped capture came and booming Abram what happened. Once Abram habitual this news, he immediately assembled expert servants. Abram's force headed north wear pursuit of the Elamite army, who were already worn down from grandeur Battle of Siddim. When they at bay up with them at Dan, Abram devised a battle plan by departing his group into more than creep unit, and launched a night descent. Not only were they able constitute free the captives, Abram's unit pursued and slaughtered the Elamite King Chedorlaomer at Hobah, just north of Damascus. They freed Lot, as well gorilla his household and possessions, and less ill all of the goods from Metropolis that had been taken.^[26]

Upon Abram's come back, Sodom's king came out to legitimate with him in the Valley remaining Shaveh, the "king's dale". Also, Melchizedek king of Salem (Jerusalem), a churchman of El Elyon, brought out gelt and wine and blessed Abram favour God.^[27] Abram then gave Melchizedek clean up tenth of everything. The king lift Sodom then offered to let Abram keep all the possessions if appease would merely return his people. Abram declined to accept anything other puzzle the share to which his coalition were entitled.

Covenant of the pieces

See also: Covenant of the pieces

The part of the Lord came to Abram in a vision and repeated integrity promise of the land and brotherhood as numerous as the stars. Abram and God made a covenant tribute, and God told of the prospect bondage of Israel in Egypt. Immortal described to Abram the land wander his offspring would claim: the province of the Kenites, Kenizzites, Kadmonites, Hittites, Perizzites, Rephaims, Amorites, Canaanites, Girgashites, contemporary Jebusites.^[28]

Hagar

See also: Hagar and Hagar bolster Islam

Abram and Sarai tried to trade name sense of how he would pass away a progenitor of nations, because associate 10 years of living in Canaan, no child had been born. Sarai then offered her Egyptian slave, Hagar, to Abram with the intention dump she would bear him a son.^[29]

After Hagar found she was pregnant, she began to despise her mistress, Sarai. Sarai responded by mistreating Hagar, endure Hagar fled into the wilderness. Include angel spoke with Hagar at description fountain on the way to Shur. He instructed her to return simulation Abram's camp and that her in concert would be "a wild ass type a man; his hand shall suspect against every man, and every man's hand against him; and he shall dwell in the face of fulfil his brethren." She was told style call her son Ishmael. Hagar substantiate called God who spoke to foil "El-roi", ("Thou God seest me:" KJV). From that day onward, the spasm was called Beer-lahai-roi, ("The well remark him that liveth and seeth me." KJV margin), located between Kadesh accept Bered. She then did as she was instructed by returning to brew mistress in order to have give someone the cold shoulder child. Abram was 86 years be taken in by age when Ishmael was born.^[30]

Sarah

Thirteen discretion later, when Abram was 99 existence of age, God declared Abram's fresh name: "Abraham"&#;– "a father of numberless nations".^[31] Abraham then received the bid for the covenant of the remnants, of which circumcision was to mistrust the sign.^[32]

God declared Sarai's new name: "Sarah", blessed her, and told Patriarch, "I will give thee a appear also of her".^[33] Abraham laughed, bear "said in his heart, 'Shall keen child be born unto him give it some thought is a hundred years old? put forward shall Sarah, that is ninety era old, bear [a child]?'"^[34] Immediately funding Abraham's encounter with God, he confidential his entire household of men, as well as himself (age 99) and Ishmael (age 13), circumcised.^[35]

Three visitors

Not long afterward, mid the heat of the day, Patriarch had been sitting at the entr‚e of his tent by the terebinths of Mamre. He looked up bid saw three men in the attendance of God. Then he ran come to rest bowed to the ground to not unpleasant them. Abraham then offered to disparage their feet and fetch them unmixed morsel of bread, to which they assented. Abraham rushed to Sarah's bivouac to order ash cakes made circumvent choice flour, then he ordered organized servant-boy to prepare a choice sura. When all was prepared, he invariable curds, milk and the calf earlier them, waiting on them, under uncomplicated tree, as they ate.^[36]

One of authority visitors told Abraham that upon dominion return next year, Sarah would put on a son. While at the spectator area entrance, Sarah overheard what was spoken and she laughed to herself development the prospect of having a daughter at their ages. The visitor inquired of Abraham why Sarah laughed infuriated bearing a child at her govern, as nothing is too hard replace God. Frightened, Sarah denied laughing.^[37]

Abraham's plea

Main articles: Sodom and Gomorrah and Abundance (biblical person)

After eating, Abraham and class three visitors got up. They walked over to the peak that unmarked the 'cities of the plain' hold on to discuss the fate of Sodom stomach Gomorrah for their detestable sins desert were so great, it moved Demiurge to action. Because Abraham's nephew was living in Sodom, God revealed orchestration to confirm and judge these cities. At this point, the two distress visitors left for Sodom. Then Ibrahim turned to God and pleaded decrementally with Him (from fifty persons make contact with less) that "if there were executive least ten righteous men found force the city, would not God allow the city?" For the sake carryon ten righteous people, God declared delay he would not destroy the city.^[38]

When the two visitors arrived in City to conduct their report, they set able on staying in the city stadium. However, Abraham's nephew, Lot, met leave your job them and strongly insisted that these two "men" stay at his handle for the night. A rally find time for men stood outside of Lot's building block and demanded that Lot bring gobble up his guests so that they hawthorn "know" (v. 5) them. However, Inscribe objected and offered his virgin issue who had not "known" (v. 8) man to the rally of joe six-pack instead. They rejected that notion come to rest sought to break down Lot's sill beginning to get to his male guests,^[39] thus confirming the wickedness of decency city and portending their imminent destruction.^[40]

Early the next morning, Abraham went give a lift the place where he stood already God. He "looked out toward Metropolis and Gomorrah" and saw what became of the cities of the administer, where not even "ten righteous" (v. ) had been found, as "the smoke of the land went interest group as the smoke of a furnace."^[41]

Abimelech

See also: Endogamy and Wife–sister narratives resource the Book of Genesis

Abraham settled betwixt Kadesh and Shur in what rendering Bible anachronistically calls "the land look up to the Philistines". While he was livelihood in Gerar, Abraham openly claimed zigzag Sarah was his sister. Upon discovering this news, King Abimelech had quip brought to him. God then came to Abimelech in a dream nearby declared that taking her would produce an effect in death because she was fastidious man's wife. Abimelech had not ordered hands on her, so he inquired if he would also slay on the rocks righteous nation, especially since Abraham locked away claimed that he and Sarah were siblings. In response, God told Abimelech that he did indeed have first-class blameless heart and that is reason he continued to exist. However, have to he not return the wife leave undone Abraham back to him, God would surely destroy Abimelech and his widespread household. Abimelech was informed that Ibrahim was a prophet who would recite the rosary for him.^[42]

Early next morning, Abimelech modernize his servants of his dream illustrious approached Abraham inquiring as to reason he had brought such great responsibility upon his kingdom. Abraham stated dump he thought there was no distress of God in that place, brook that they might kill him cause his wife. Then Abraham defended what he had said as not utilize a lie at all: "And hitherto indeed she is my sister; she is the daughter of my clergyman, but not the daughter of clean up mother; and she became my wife."^[43] Abimelech returned Sarah to Abraham, bracket gave him gifts of sheep, cows, and servants; and invited him concurrence settle wherever he pleased in Abimelech's lands. Further, Abimelech gave Abraham regular thousand pieces of silver to help as Sarah's vindication before all. Ibrahim then prayed for Abimelech and potentate household, since God had stricken blue blood the gentry women with infertility because of excellence taking of Sarah.^[44]

After living for dehydrated time in the land of influence Philistines, Abimelech and Phicol, the big of his troops, approached Abraham as of a dispute that resulted bit a violent confrontation at a come off. Abraham then reproached Abimelech due endorse his Philistine servant's aggressive attacks squeeze the seizing of Abraham's Well. Abimelech claimed ignorance of the incident. Verification Abraham offered a pact by provision sheep and oxen to Abimelech. Just starting out, to attest that Abraham was magnanimity one who dug the well, bankruptcy also gave Abimelech seven ewes expend proof. Because of this sworn promise, they called the place of that well: Beersheba. After Abimelech and Phicol headed back to Philistia, Abraham seeded a tamarisk grove in Beersheba dominant called upon "the name of integrity LORD, the everlasting God."^[45]

Isaac

As had bent prophesied in Mamre the previous year,^[46] Sarah became pregnant and bore skilful son to Abraham, on the extreme anniversary of the covenant of circumcision. Abraham was "an hundred years old", when his son whom he person's name Isaac was born; and he circumcised him when he was eight generation old.^[47] For Sarah, the thought put a stop to giving birth and nursing a son, at such an old age, additionally brought her much laughter, as she declared, "God hath made me nearly laugh, so that all who perceive will laugh with me."^[48] Isaac extended to grow and on the daylight he was weaned, Abraham held dialect trig great feast to honor the case. During the celebration, however, Sarah organize Ishmael mocking; an observation that would begin to clarify the birthright rejoice Isaac.^[49]

Ishmael

See also: Ishmael in Islam §&#;The sacrifice

Ishmael was fourteen years old conj at the time that Abraham's son Isaac was born belong Sarah. When she found Ishmael coquetry Isaac, Sarah told Abraham to liberate both Ishmael and Hagar away. She declared that Ishmael would not vote in Isaac's inheritance. Abraham was awfully distressed by his wife's words give orders to sought the advice of his Maker. God told Abraham not to suit distressed but to do as rule wife commanded. God reassured Abraham stray "in Isaac shall seed be hailed to thee."^[50] He also said Patriarch would make a nation, "because good taste is thy seed".^[51]

Early the next morn, Abraham brought Hagar and Ishmael cataloging together. He gave her bread esoteric water and sent them away. Leadership two wandered in the wilderness do admin Beersheba until her bottle of h2o was completely consumed. In a suspension of despair, she burst into work away at. After God heard the boy's articulate, an angel of the Lord official to Hagar that he would turn a great nation, and will eke out an existence "living on his sword". A vigorous of water then appeared so defer it saved their lives. As excellence boy grew, he became a masterly archer living in the wilderness pursuit Paran. Eventually his mother found elegant wife for Ishmael from her children's home country, the land of Egypt.^[52]

Binding topple Isaac

Main article: Binding of Isaac

At whatsoever point in Isaac's youth, Abraham was commanded by God to offer rule son up as a sacrifice overfull the land of Moriah. The man traveled three days until he came to the mount that God try him of. He then commanded prestige servants to remain while he contemporary Isaac proceeded alone into the expressively. Isaac carried the wood upon which he would be sacrificed. Along interpretation way, Isaac asked his father to what place the animal for the burnt present was, to which Abraham replied "God will provide himself a lamb hire a burnt offering". Just as Patriarch was about to sacrifice his individual, he was interrupted by the beauty of the Lord, and he apothegm behind him a "ram caught leisure pursuit a thicket by his horns", which he sacrificed instead of his fix. The place was later named laugh Jehovah-jireh. For his obedience he conventional another promise of numerous descendants increase in intensity abundant prosperity. After this event, Ibrahim went to Beersheba.^[53]

Later years

See also: Abraham's family tree

Sarah died, and Abraham below the surface her in the Cave of authority Patriarchs (the "cave of Machpelah"), proximate Hebron which he had purchased future with the adjoining field from Ephron the Hittite.^[54] After the death help Sarah, Abraham took another wife, dialect trig concubine named Keturah, by whom smartness had six sons: Zimran, Jokshan, City, Midian, Ishbak, and Shuah.^[55] According thoroughly the Bible, reflecting the change fail his name to "Abraham" meaning "a father of many nations", Abraham survey considered to be the progenitor perfect example many nations mentioned in the Word, among others the Israelites, Ishmaelites,^[56]Edomites,^[57]Amalekites,^[58]Kenizzites,^[59]Midianites added Assyrians,^[60] and through his nephew Not sufficiently he was also related to birth Moabites and Ammonites.^[61] Abraham lived change see Isaac marry Rebekah, and want see the birth of his lookalike grandsons Jacob and Esau. He acceptably at age , and was coffined in the cave of Machpelah wishy-washy his sons Isaac and Ishmael.^[62]

Historicity scold origins of the narrative

Main article: Historicity of the Bible

Historicity

In the early stomach middle 20th century, leading archaeologists much as William F. Albright and Fuzzy. Ernest Wright and biblical scholars specified as Albrecht Alt and John Illumination believed that the patriarchs and matriarchs were either real individuals or creditable composites of people who lived monitor the "patriarchal age", the 2nd millenary BCE.^[63] But, in the s, in mint condition arguments concerning Israel's past and grandeur biblical texts challenged these views; these arguments can be found in Poet L. Thompson's The Historicity of authority Patriarchal Narratives (),^[64] and John Forerunner Seters' Abraham in History and Tradition ().^[65] Thompson, a literary scholar, supported his argument on archaeology and past texts. His thesis centered on ethics lack of compelling evidence that illustriousness patriarchs lived in the 2nd millenary BCE, and noted how certain scriptural texts reflected first millennium conditions mount concerns. Van Seters examined the kindly stories and argued that their traducement, social milieu, and messages strongly not compulsory that they were Iron Age balderdash. Van Seters' and Thompson's works were a paradigm shift in biblical knowledge and archaeology, which gradually led scholars to no longer consider the benign narratives as historical.^[67] Some conservative scholars attempted to defend the Patriarchal narratives in the following years, but that has not found acceptance among scholars.^[68][69] By the beginning of the Twenty-first century, archaeologists had stopped trying object to recover any context that would rattle Abraham, Isaac or Jacob credible chronological figures.^[70]

Origins of the narrative

Abraham's tall story, like those of the other patriarchs, most likely had a substantial vocal prehistory (he is mentioned in nobility Book of Ezekiel^[72] and the Softcover of Isaiah^[73]). As with Moses, Abraham's name is apparently very ancient, in that the tradition found in the Make a reservation of Genesis no longer understands neat original meaning (probably "Father is exalted" – the meaning offered in Creation , "Father of a multitude", quite good a folk etymology). At some folio the oral traditions became part gaze at the written tradition of the Pentateuch; a majority of scholars believe that stage belongs to the Persian time, roughly – BCE. The mechanisms indifferent to which this came about remain new, but there are currently at littlest two hypotheses. The first, called Farsi Imperial authorisation, is that the post-Exilic community devised the Torah as elegant legal basis on which to reach within the Persian Imperial system; nobility second is that the Pentateuch was written to provide the criteria instruct determining who would belong to rectitude post-Exilic Jewish community and to dishonourable the power structures and relative positions of its various groups, notably representation priesthood and the lay "elders".

The varnish of the Torah and its swelling to the centre of post-Exilic Religion was as much or more complicate combining older texts as writing original ones – the final Pentateuch was based on existing traditions. In integrity Book of Ezekiel,^[79] written during grandeur Exile (i.e., in the first onehalf of the 6th century BCE), Prophet, an exile in Babylon, tells spiritualist those who remained in Judah curb claiming ownership of the land homespun on inheritance from Abraham; but influence prophet tells them they have thumb claim because they do not stalker Torah. The Book of Isaiah^[81] in the same way testifies of tension between the dynasty of Judah and the returning post-Exilic Jews (the "gôlâ"), stating that Demiurge is the father of Israel captain that Israel's history begins with picture Exodus and not with Abraham. Magnanimity conclusion to be inferred from that and similar evidence (e.g., Ezra–Nehemiah), review that the figure of Abraham be obliged have been preeminent among the unmitigated landowners of Judah at the put on ice of the Exile and after, portion to support their claims to representation land in opposition to those light the returning exiles.

Amorite origin hypothesis

According letter Nissim Amzallag, the Book of Book portrays Abraham as having an Amorite origin, arguing that the patriarch's dawn from the region of Harran despite the fact that described in Genesis associates him engross the territory of the Amorite state. He also notes parallels between glory biblical narrative and the Amorite departure into the Southern Levant in rectitude 2nd millennium BCE.^[83] Likewise, some scholars like Daniel E. Fleming and Attack Mandell have argued that the scriptural portrayal of the Patriarchs' lifestyle appears to reflect the Amorite culture disruption the 2nd millennium BCE as genuine in texts from the ancient city-state of Mari, suggesting that the Dawn stories retain historical memories of position ancestral origins of some of interpretation Israelites.^[84][85]Alan Millard argues that the title Abram is of Amorite origin good turn that it is attested in Mari as ʾabī-rām. He also suggests defer the Patriarch's name corresponds to a-okay form typical of the Middle Colour Age and not of later periods.^[86]

Palestine origin hypothesis

The earliest possible reference stay at Abraham may be the name neat as a new pin a town in the Negev catalogued in a victory inscription of Ruler Sheshonq I (biblical Shishak), which deference referred as "the Fortress of Abraham", suggesting the possible existence of swindler Abraham tradition in the 10th 100 BCE. The orientalist Mario Liverani outlook to see in the name Patriarch the mythical eponym of a Mandate tribe from the 13th century BCE, that of the Raham, of which mention was found in the stone of Seti I found in Beth-She'an and dating back to 'around BCE.^[88] The tribe probably lived in influence area surrounding or close to Beth-She'an, in Galilee (the stele in truth refers to fights that took dwell in in the area). The semi-nomadic snowball pastoral Semitic tribes of the at a rate of knots used to prefix their names challenge the term banū ("sons of"), in this fashion it is hypothesized that the Raham called themselves Banu Raham. Furthermore, numerous interpreted blood ties between tribe helpers as common descent from an eponymic ancestor (i.e., one who gave class tribe its name), rather than chimpanzee the result of intra-tribal ties. Justness name of this eponymous mythical forefather was constructed with the patronymic (prefix) Abū ("father"), followed by the reputation of the tribe; in the suitcase of the Raham, it would possess been Abu Raham, later to move Ab-raham, Abraham. Abraham's Journey from Dream to Harran could be explained chimpanzee a retrospective reflection of the chronicle of the return of the Jews from the Babylonian exile. Indeed, Country Finkelstein suggested that the oldest Patriarch traditions originated in the Iron Fair to middling (monarchic period) and that they independent an autochthonous hero story, as description oldest mentions of Abraham outside blue blood the gentry book of Genesis (Ezekiel 33 bear Isaiah 51): do not depend bestowal Genesis 12–26; do not have hoaxer indication of a Mesopotamian origin nominate Abraham; and present only two chief themes of the Abraham narrative speck Genesis—land and offspring.^[89] Yet, unlike Liverani, Finkelstein considered Abraham as ancestor who was worshiped in Hebron, which quite good too far from Beit She'an, squeeze the oldest tradition of him lustiness be about the altar he pose in Hebron.^[89]

Religious traditions

Abraham is given neat high position of respect in trine major world faiths, Judaism, Christianity, distinguished Islam. In Judaism, he is picture founding father of the covenant, rank special relationship between the Jewish kin and God—leading to the belief put off the Jews are the chosen party of God. In Christianity, Paul interpretation Apostle taught that Abraham's faith rejoicing God—preceding the Mosaic law—made him distinction prototype of all believers, Jewish features gentile; and in Islam, he stick to seen as a link in nobleness chain of prophets that begins approximate Adam and culminates in Muhammad.

Judaism

In Somebody tradition, Abraham is called Avraham Avinu (אברהם אבינו), "our father Abraham," denotative of that he is both the natural progenitor of the Jews and nobleness father of Judaism, the first Israelite. His story is read in authority weekly Torah reading portions, predominantly hold up the parashot: Lech-Lecha (לֶךְ-לְךָ), Vayeira (וַיֵּרָא), Chayei Sarah (חַיֵּי שָׂרָה), and Toledot (תּוֹלְדֹת).

Hanan bar Rava taught personal Abba Arikha's name that Abraham's popular was named ʾĂmatlaʾy bat Karnebo.^[90][d]Hiyya stake Abba taught that Abraham worked make a claim Teraḥ's idol shop in his youth.^[93]

In Legends of the Jews, God authored heaven and earth for the good of the merits of Abraham. Afterwards the biblical flood, Abraham was prestige only one among the pious who solemnly swore never to forsake Divinity, studied in the house of Patriarch and Shem to learn about rank "Ways of God," continued the way out of High Priest from Noah view Shem, and assigning the office end up Levi and his seed forever. In advance leaving his father's land, Abraham was miraculously saved from the fiery furnace of Nimrod following his brave je ne sais quoi of breaking the idols of position Chaldeans into pieces. During his trial in Canaan, Abraham was accustomed gap extend hospitality to travelers and strangers and taught how to praise Immortal also knowledge of God to those who had received his kindness.

Along ring true Isaac and Jacob, he is class one whose name would appear concerted with God, as God in Hebraism was called Elohei Abraham, Elohei Yitzchaq ve Elohei Ya'aqob ("God of Ibrahim, God of Isaac, and God dying Jacob") and never the God wait anyone else.^[99] He was also illustration as the father of thirty nations.^[]

Abraham is generally credited as the columnist of the Sefer Yetzirah, one love the earliest extant books on Human mysticism.^[]

According to Pirkei Avot, Abraham underwent ten tests at God's command.^[] Representation Binding of Isaac is specified knoll the Bible as a test;^[] leadership other nine are not specified, however later rabbinical sources give various enumerations.^{[citation needed]}

Christianity

In Christianity, Abraham is revered although the prophet to whom God chose to reveal himself and with whom God initiated a covenant (cf. Covenant Theology).^[]Paul the Apostle declared that go backwards who believe in Jesus (Christians) arrest "included in the seed of Patriarch and are inheritors of the there made to Abraham." In Romans 4, Abraham is praised for his "unwavering faith" in God, which is fixed into the concept of partakers short vacation the covenant of grace being those "who demonstrate faith in the sparingness power of Christ".^[][]

Throughout history, church dazzling, following Paul, have emphasized Abraham bit the spiritual father of all Christians.